I’d say your best course of action is to :
- Use Carbon Copy Cloner to make a bootable clone to another drive just in case anything goes wrong
- Use Time Machine to back up as well
- Open Disk Utility > Select the physical internal drive in the left column (above ‘Macintosh HD’)
- Click partition > click the + button > adjust the partition sizes to suit > select APFS from the format for the new partition. It should warn that the original partition will be resized but not deleted. This may take a while if it has to shift data around. If this fails, reboot holding alt and select to boot from your external drive CCC clone, then retry. Disk Utility should be able to make any necessary repairs to the internal drive if you’re not booted from it.
- Download & install Catalina from the App Store > install to the new APFS partition
- Once Catalina’s sorted, reboot holding alt and select the El Capitan partition
- Open System Preferences > Network > Select ethernet/wifi/your active internet connection > from the cog-wheel menu set the network interface as inactive.
The Catalina upgrade will include a firmware upgrade for the iMac to allow it to boot from APFS formatted volumes and update Internet Recovery to always use the latest version of macOS in future, even 10.16 when it’s out, or will they go to macOS 11? who knows.
I’ve just formatted an SSD here with HFS+, then split 50% partition with an APFS volume and it all seems to have gone through ok.
A disk image won’t be bootable, hence the CCC backup first-thing to an external drive.
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