Panini rule 8.4. 58 re anuswar

[Shreyas Munshi]

My query is: the application of th subject rule is alright within one word (upsarga +root verb), but why should it be applied between two words?

For example, in अव्यक्तं + तेषाम्, one can easily pronounce अव्यक्तम। + तेषाम्

Regards.

Shreyas Munshi

[Sudhir Pattar]

Language existed before Panini. 

He created the sutras based on observations of how people pronounced. He travelled extensively to different regions to understand the spoken sanskrit. 

There is a difference in how anuswar is pronounced and how makar is pronounced. Makar is different than anuswar-takar. 

Regards,

Sudhir

On Mar 7, 2026, at 1:50 AM, Shreyas Munshi <shreya...@gmail.com> wrote:



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[Shreyas Munshi]

Sudhir Sir. That is not my querry. 

Shreyas Munshi
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[Lakshmanan Krishnamurti]

Dear Munshiji

The Sandhi rules are descriptive of sound as it occurs in nature and not prescriptive of how they should sound.

There is a lot of literature available on the difference between anunasvara and makAra.

There is an infinte ocean knowledge to acquire in our limited lifetimes. I suggest, maybe, we give this round to pAnIni and move on to more important learning. Just my view. No disrespect intended. वयं तु सर्वे अत्र मित्राणि ।

[Lakshmanan Krishnamurti]

MakAra is replaced by anusvAra only when it comes at the end of a word or a prefix.

When anysvAra comes in the middle of a word it is replaced by the fifth letter of the following consonant series

When there is an anusvAra at the end of a word it is optionally replaced by fifth consonant series. 

[Lakshmanan Krishnamurti]

मोऽनुस्वारः 

काशिकामूलम् — 

मकारान्तस्य पदस्य अनुस्वार आदेशो भवति हलि परतः। कुण्डं हसति। वनं हसति। कुण्डं याति। वनं याति। हलीत्येव — त्वमत्र। किमत्र। पदान्तस्येत्येव — गम्यते। रम्यते॥

पदस्येति स्थानषष्ठी, तच्च पदं मकारेण विशेष्यते, विशेषणेन त तदन्तविधिर्भवतीति मकारान्तपदस्यानुस्वारो विधीयमानोऽलोऽत्यपरिभाषया  १.१.५१ मकारस्यैव विज्ञायते, इत्याह -`मकारान्तस्य पदस्य`[`मकारस्य पदान्तस्य` -काशिका, पदमञ्जरी च] पदस्य` इति

[Lakshmanan Krishnamurti]

This is परसवर्ण संधि

८.४.५८

 

अनुस्वारस्य ययि परसवर्णः 

When अनुस्वारा, is in the middle of a word when यय् follows, a letter homogenous with the latter is substituted.
Thus शङ्किता, शङ्कितुम्, शङ्कितव्यम्, उञ्छिता, कुण्डिता, नन्दिता, कम्पिता &c. These are from roots शकि शङ्कायाम्, उञ्छि उञ्छे, कुदिदाहे, टुनदि समृद्धौ, कपि चलने ॥ in this example you can see abusvara substituted by the fifth letter in the series represented by the following consonant such asक,च,त,ट,प

[Lakshmanan Krishnamurti]

This is परसवर्ण संधि when anusvAra is at the end of a word. It may remain as such or optionally be replaced by the fifth letter of the consonant series described by the following consonant Optionally८.४.५९

 

वा पदान्तस्य 

When अनुस्वारा, is final in a पद, the substitution of a letter homogenous with the latter is optional.
Thus तं कथं चित्रपक्षं डयमानं नभःस्थं पुरुषोऽवधीत् or तङ्कथञ्चित्रपक्षण्डयमानन्नभः स्थम्पुरुषोऽवधीत् ॥

[Lakshmanan Krishnamurti]

पदान्तमकारस्य संहितायाम् व्यञ्जने परे अनुस्वारादेशः भवति ।

अष्टाध्याय्याम् द्वाभ्याम् सूत्राभ्याम् आदेशरूपेण अनुस्वारस्य विधानं क्रियते । एतयोः इदम् प्रथमम् सूत्रम् । पदस्य अन्ते विद्यमानस्य मकारस्य हल्-वर्णे परे संहितायाम् अनुस्वारादेशः भवति इति अस्य सूत्रस्य अर्थः । 
यथा —
१.  हरिम् वन्दे इत्यत्र पदान्तमकारस्य संहितायाम् प्रकृतसूत्रेण अनुस्वारादेशे कृते अनुस्वारादेशे कृते हरिं वन्दे इति सिद्ध्यति । 
२. सम् + हरति इत्यत्र उपसर्गस्य पदसंज्ञा वर्तते, अतः पदान्तमकारस्य प्रकृतसूत्रेण अनुस्वारादेशे कृते अनुस्वारादेशे कृते संहरति इति सिद्ध्यति । 
३. अलम् + कृत्य इत्यस्मिन् समासे अलम् इति उपपदस्य पदसंज्ञा वर्तते, अतः पदान्तमकारस्य प्रकृतसूत्रेण अनुस्वारादेशे कृते अलंकृत्य इति सिद्ध्यति ।

अनुस्वारः

अनुस्वारः इति पृथक् वर्णः अस्ति । अस्य उच्चारणम् केवलम् नासिकया सह भवति, तदर्थम् मुखस्य साहाय्यम् नैव आवश्यकम् । अपि च, अस्य वर्णस्य माहेश्वरसूत्रेषु गणनं नैव भवति, अतः अयम् 'अयोगवाहः' अस्ति इत्यपि उच्यते ।

On Sat, Mar 7, 2026 at 1:50 AM Shreyas Munshi <shreya...@gmail.com> wrote:

[Lakshmanan Krishnamurti]

The word before performing  Sandhi is अव्यक्तम् not अव्यक्तं. After Sandhi it becomes अव्यक्तं तेषाम्

On Sat, Mar 7, 2026 at 1:50 AM Shreyas Munshi <shreya...@gmail.com> wrote:

[Shreyas Munshi]

Lakshamanan Sir.

My query is different.

Why we must pronounce it as 

अव्यक्तन् तेषाम्

though the two words are separate.

In सम् + योग = संयोग, it is alright to say sainyoga. But सततं योगेन to be promounced सततैं योगेन is not understood by me. Because we can pronounce સતતં યોગ્ય!!!

Regards

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[Shreyas Munshi]

Lakshamanan Sir,

You have said

'remains as it is' (remains  अव्यक्तं) or 'optionally' changes to the nasal of following letter's varga.

This is exactly my understanding. But 'Geeta Parivar' insist that anuswar must be converted to the nasal of the following letter's varga.

Thank you Sir for confirming my understanding.

Regards.

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[Lakshmanan Krishnamurti]

The word is अव्यक्तम् after Sandhi it becomes अव्यक्तं

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[Lakshmanan Krishnamurti]

Perhaps my understanding is limited. सततम् सततं is napunsakling emails Bachan. They will be identical in both first and second Bihari. I believe it changes from सतत्म to सततं after anusvAra Sandhi.

If we assume it is सततं by Prasanna Sandhi it can remain unchanged. If you tell en which shloka you are referring to, I can look up the bhagavadgita

[Lakshmanan Krishnamurti]

In both 8:14 and 9:14 सततं. Likely अनुस्वार संधि . There is no परसवर्ण. Similarly मां, तस्याहं

अनन्यचेताः सततं यो मां स्मरति नित्यशः।

तस्याहं सुलभः पार्थ नित्ययुक्तस्य योगिनः।।8.14।।
 

सततं कीर्तयन्तो मां यतन्तश्च दृढव्रताः।

नमस्यन्तश्च मां भक्त्या नित्ययुक्ता उपासते।।9.14।।