Usage of षष्ठि विभक्ति in textbook instead of प्रथमा/चतुर्थि विभक्ति

[Vijay Shirhatti]

I am studying for Pravesha Sanskrit Bharati exam: Please consider these sentences below.

As given in text book: काकस्य अतीव सन्तोषः भवति

Shouldn't this be, काकः अतीव सन्तोषः भवति or  काकाय अतीव सन्तोषः भवति

I feel चतुर्थि will get the meaning right when I translate in Kannada.

Thanks in advance.

Vijay Shirhatti

[BNS Vaishnavi]

On Tue, 1 Jun 2021 at 5:58 PM, BNS Vaishnavi <bandaruv...@gmail.com> wrote:

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Namaste.

काकस्य अतीव सन्तोषः भवति।

Active voice sentence (कर्तरि वाक्यं) of the above sentence is

काकः अतीव संतुष्यते। (crow feels happy)

Why not काकः अतीव सन्तोषः भवति ?

When we convert the verb form (तिङन्त) in the above sentence (काकः अतीव संतुष्यते) into verb-noun (कृदन्त) as in the ‘काकस्य अतीव सन्तोषः भवति’ , then the (कर्तृ-वाचक-पद) word denoting doer gets षष्ठी-विभक्ति.

In our example, कर्ता is काक। When we convert संतुष्यते verb into कृदन्त (verb-noun) संतोष, the कर्ता of the action (तोषन क्रिया) gets converted into षष्ठी-विभक्त्यन्त form (in our case काकस्य) ।

The कृत्-प्रत्यय(suffix) we added to the तुष् धातु to make it कृदन्त (verb-noun) is घञ् । When   घञ् प्रत्यय is added to a धातु, then the भाव of that धातु(verb) is denoted by that कृदन्त (verb-noun) .

In our example, by adding घञ् to धातु-तुष्, we get कृदन्त form of that धातु which then means happiness.

So, happiness can be possessed by someone, as in काकस्य अतीव सन्तोषः भवति।

But  काकः अतीव सन्तोषः भवति means kaka himself is happiness, which does not make sense in this example. 

So काकस्य is used in the sentence rather than काकः।

Thank you.

Namaste.

The active voice sentence in the previous answer is काकः अतीव संतुष्यति। संतुष्यते was written by mistake. So everywhere else, where संतुष्यते is written, it has to be changed to संतुष्यति .

Thank you.

[BNS Vaishnavi]

On Tue, 1 Jun 2021 at 1:43 AM, Vijay Shirhatti <vijay.s...@gmail.com> wrote:

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[Mohan Chettoor]

Please see item b)  of the enclosed notes.  काकस्य अतीव सन्तोषः भवति is the correct usage.

Mohan Chettoor

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[Vijay Shirhatti]

Kindy bear with me, I am trying to understand. I still have questions:

Thanks all for nice explanation. How about using चतुर्थि विभक्ति? It does sound correct in Kannada using चतुर्थि विभक्ति.

मोहन महोदय

"षष्ठि to indicate possession". Do we consider 'happiness' to be in possession in Sanskrit? We can say  "काकस्य फलम्", because Kaka is in actual possession of a fruit. But happiness is to be felt right?

वैष्णवि महोदया

"काकः अतीव सन्तोषः भवति means kaka himself is happiness", thanks for this explanation. I now understand. Kaka is himself not happiness, he 'feels' happy. But still some questions remain in my head.

If षष्ठि विभक्ति has to be used, it can be used in a sentence like काकः जलं पश्यति | काकस्य सन्तोषः द्विगुणः भवति | This one makes more sense to me.

I translate all the sentences into Kannada, is there a difference in how we use विभक्ति in Kannada and in Sanskrit?

[NathRao]

Regarding the question of if there is a difference in how (dative) chaturthii is used, there is a difference between Sanskrit and Kanada: I don't know Kannada, but there is certainly a difference between Tamil and Sanskrit: Inalienable possession is indicated in Tamil using -kku (dative), but not in Sanskrit. He has a son" in Tamil is "avannakku paiyan irrukiRaan", but I have never seen "tasmai putro 'sti", only "tasya putro 'sti". [But then, people have been importing the syntax of their first language into Sanskrit for 1000+ years, so feel free do more of the same:-^)]

Regardes

Nath Rao

[Mohan Chettoor]

Vijay, I can understand your concern and confusion. 

First of all please understand that षष्ठि विभक्ति is used (among other things) to show/ express a feeling or condition. If you want to say ' I have a headache' in Sanskrit, you say  'मम शिरोवेदना अस्ति।' using षष्ठि विभक्ति. 

Being a kannadiga, you are fully justified in your confusion regarding chaturthee vibhakthi. May be because that is the way you express in your mother tongue. I am a keralite and the same issue is there in Malayalam as well. Though I don't have authority to speak about other Indian languages, I believe many, if not most of them would have the same issue. 

Believe me, you can't use chaturthee, my dear friend, unless some hardcore pundit corrects me otherwise.

Mohan Chettoor.

And b

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[Bandaru Viswanath]

I translate all the sentences into Kannada, is there a difference in how we use विभक्ति in Kannada and in Sanskrit?

Please consider that in your language, the daily usage of the vibhaktis may have deviated from the language rules. In my mother tongue (Telugu), the vibhakti rules are identical to those of sanskrit, but the vibhakti suffixes are not being adhered to these days, and thus the mapping to Sanskrit becoming an issue.

Viswanath

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[BNS Vaishnavi]

On Tue, 1 Jun 2021 at 1:43 AM, Vijay Shirhatti <vijay.s...@gmail.com> wrote:

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Namaste.

Why not काकाय अतीव सन्तोषः भवति ?

चतुर्थी विभक्ति in sanskrit is used generally in following senses

• यस्मै दीयते तद्वाचकस्य शब्दस्य। In the action of giving, to whom that is given, gets चतुर्थी विभक्ति .
• Eg- ब्राह्मणाय गां ददाति राजा।
• The purpose of क्रिया performed gets चतुर्थी विभक्ति .
• Eg- मोक्षाय हरिं भजति।
• Here भजन क्रिया is performed for the purpose of मोक्ष. So मोक्ष शब्द gets चतुर्थी विभक्ति .
• In actions that involve movement (from one place to another place), the object of action (the destination of movement) gets चतुर्थी विभक्ति also (otherwise it gets द्वितीया विभक्ति), when there is movement (not when there is no movement as in - he goes to Tirupati in his mind). 
• Eg- रामः ग्रामाय गच्छति।(it can also be -  रामः ग्रामं गच्छति।)

चतुर्थी विभक्ति is also used in some other specific cases, as in हरये नमः, हरये भक्तिः रोचते etc.

In our example काकस्य अतीव सन्तोषः भवति, काक is used in none of the above senses. Therefore it doesn’t get चतुर्थी विभक्ति.

Dhanyavadah.