You said that you are running 10.15.6 but something looks very bizarre with the python3 that configure is picking up. It looks like it is using
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7
since this python is first in your PATH.
Could you try running this python and then issuing:
>>> import sysconfig
>>> sysconfig.get_config_var('MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET')
If you see it saying '10.9' then this might be related to your problem.
On my Catalina, configure finds python3 in /usr/bin, and if I issue those same commands I get '10.14'. So maybe your PATH is causing sage to find an older version of python 3 which is causing things to mess up. Maybe somebody with more experience can chime in, but I would guess that this is related to your problem.