sage: R.<x,y> = Integers(7)[]
sage: p = x**2-1
sage: p.factor()
sage: R.<x,y> = GF(7)[]
sage: p = x**2-1
sage: p.factor()
(x - 1) * (x + 1)
sage: R.<x,y> = Integers(7)[]
sage: p = x**2-1
sage: p.factor()
(x + 1) * (x + 6)
It looks like this problem is going to be fixed by the upgrade to Singular 4.1.3 (#25993).
There is another segmentation fault related to the non-commutative subsystem Plural, though, causing a doctest failure on the upgrade branch. See https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/25993#comment:22 for details. Any help with this is appreciated.