You're right, I didn't fully understand the issue. The settings in your production.rb are typical production settings. However, in this case, the first setting, config.assets.compile = false has implications.
When this is set to false, the system assumes all assets have been pre-compiled. When you pre-compile, a manifest is generated that maps the "normal" file names to the cryptic filename it's now compressed into. When html code is generated from a view, it references the manifest, and substitutes the cryptic filename.
This is the point where I'm unsure of what happens. In your case, there's a file referenced in the assets directory that isn't in the manifest and isn't pre-compiled. I'm not sure what the system does because when this flag is set to false, it doesn't even load the pipeline gems so it doesn't have access to the compiler. I'm guessing it throws an error, but that's a guess, which would be the error you encountered.
I'd have to test this but my guess is that you either need to pre-compile the asset, or locate it in the public directory (only) and write the tag to access the file in the public directory.
I'm not sure this is correct, but hopefully it will point you in the right direction.