Hey Joel,
I've had knee pain for 25 years on and off and relatively recently have had some hip/quad/glute pain that sounds vaguely similar to yours. I haven't had any surgery or steroid or cortisone or anything like that though, so I can't comment much specifically. But I can encourage you to stick with the PT; it's really the only thing that has ever helped me - repeat visits to the same person who can assess my strength and mobility and adjust my program as I progress.
The main thing I'm learning as I approach 40 is that I need to take it slow and not re-injure myself while I'm rebuilding my strength. I turned 39 a week ago and start PT again 3 weeks before that for this hip/glute/back/quad stuff. I'm giving myself the next year to get my strength, mobility, and mileage back to where it was when I was 30. From your story, (filtered though my own experience so grain of salt ...) it sounds like you had something kinda minor that you then aggravated a few more times without adding in restorative movements.
IME it's normal for the first day or two of PT to be very hard and make me pretty sore, but if that persists, maybe try a different PT or at least ask for something lighter and build up to whatever they have you doing now. Also, I've found that working with and actual Doctor of Physical Thereapy is a LOT LOT LOT better than someone with a fewer qualifications. And physical therapists focusing on sports injuries may be better than the ones that focus mainly on recovery from surgery or others (although a good doc should be able to do both).
Any way, here's to minimal pain for all of us in the future,
Paul "life is pain" in AR