As John says, the front is a Huret pushrod lever derailleur, where the lever travels forward-down/backward-up in parallel with the frame. The pushrod has a spiral track along the rod, which is pushed inward/outward by a tang on the lever element; the cage travels inline, unlike the Simplex Competition lever derailleur, which pivots around a fulcrum with the cage forming an arc. This, I assume, is part of the reason for the relatively high placement of the cage. A countervailing aspect of this derailleur is that the cage is attached to a fitting which allows you to pivot the angle of the cage; this fitting attaches between the cage and the seat tube clamp. It's the fitting behind the derailleur in John's Rebour drawing, with the screw on top fixing the pushrod in place.
There are other variants of this derailleur, including ones with an attached removable chainring guard, and a randonneur-specific variant with a short outer cage and an even longer, more deeply curved inner cage, specifically to address setups with a wide chainring tooth count. John, if you're able to find one of those (probably on eBay France - you don't see them often in North America), that would let you get the cage closer to the chainring.
The Huret levers work fine, as long as your arms are long enough to get down to the lever in both up (big ring) and down (small ring) positions. In addition to the pivoting Competition model (longer lever pointing upwards, moves in and out from the seat tube), Simplex made a pushrod Randonneur lever model in the late 1950s, which used their longer lever in a forward/backward manner similar to Huret's design. I've never had access to examine one (I keep losing auctions), so I'm not clear what mechanism they use to do this; as Simplex had already begun making cable-operated derailleurs circa 1954, it may well be a straight ripoff of Huret's design.
The rear derailleur is a Huret Duopar, of course; looks like a titanium cage:
Peter Adler
Berkeley, California