More pictures of the fork/fender/tire clearance and the same for the chainstay bridge?
Yours must be different than mine, I too have had many thoughts about whether mine is a Road Standard or a custom. It really doesn't look like a 42 could fit on mine with fenders, but maybe I'm wrong? I have never tried it and always assumed that 38 was as large as I could go, and it's worked well, so I've been loath to mess with it. Still, a little more would be nice if it fits.
I did blow up your picture and it appears that your brake pad bolt is lower in the slot than mine is. Yours looks to be pretty much at the bottom and mine is approximately 1cm from the inside of the bottom of the slot to the center of the bolt. So maybe I should just live with a 38. When I get around to converting my Redwood I could then swap the tires into the Road Standard/Custom and see if it fits.
Some of it might depend on how true to size the 42s are, I've read that some brands only are about 40mm inflated, so there's that as well. Those look like Panaracer GravelKing you have on your bike? How wide do they run when inflated?
Regarding Piaw Na's comment about low bottom brackets riding better, I agree! They handle better also. I have no bike in my stable that feels as confident and planted as my 650B converted Road Standard/Custom. I'm sure taking it to a frame shop would raise a few eyebrows. Haha. Yes you have to be careful going around corners, it's really low and pedaling around anything more than a gentle curve is a no-go. With that caveat stated I really like it the way it is and would not change. When I first converted, I ran 170mm cranks because of the clearance issue, but it felt unnatural to me and I settled on 175's, I've had it that way for 7 or 8 years. It had ran 180mm TA Carmina prior to the conversion, I'm 6'7", but I didn't really care for the low Q of the TAs and was looking to replace them anyway.
Jim
Austin suburbs, TX