Two high-intensity sessions a day in an unaccustomed high gear pedaling at unaccustomed high torque, possibly with the bike not perfectly set up -- that sounds like the reason right there. If you did this with a saddle too low, and again were not used to this sort of thing, even at 40 you'd certainly feel it.
I recall cranking a 70" gear up a 7-mile-long hill back when I could crank a 70" gear up a 7-mile long hill, which involved standing for a mile, sitting and torquing for a couple of hundred yards, repeat; and doing this ride only occasionally at long intervals without this sort of exertion*. About 2 days later my legs were so sore and still I could hardly walk down my stairs; and this was ~10 years ago when I was in my late 50s and used to climbing fixed, just not 7-mile hills. It would take me several days of rest and flatland riding to get my legs back in order.
If I had done this with my saddle too low, my legs would have been even worse off, not to mention my knees.
As others say, adjust to fit, reduce the resistance, and spin.
* Up until she turned 15, got her learners' permit, and commandeered my car, I'd drive my daughter to skating lessons at the top of the Tramway Boulevard hills. I'd sometimes carry my Dahon Hon Solo, 70" gear, and ride it down the hill and back up again. I'd occasionally ride it on the 75" Joe Starck 1999 fixed custom, but that was no harder, perhaps even easier because of the better fit and riding position and of course 10 lbs less in weight to haul up the hill.