William Fisher:
First, make sure your motherboard (UEFI) even supports booting from a
PCIe device. I don't have any PCIe SSDs so I don't know if it's common
for UEFI implementations to support booting from PCIe or not, and you
didn't mention what motherboard you have. Just covering all bases.
I'm just sort of guessing here, but try copying the /boot/efi directory
from the HDD to the SSD, then see if it'll boot from the SSD. You'll
have to mount the SSD's EFI boot partition somewhere first of course. If
it still won't boot from the SSD, try renaming the files as described in
the UEFI troubleshooting page.
You say it won't prompt for the root password. What output do you get
from the sudo command? If you can't get that to work, boot into the
Qubes installation media and use Ctrl+Alt+2 to switch to tty2 which
should have a root(able) shell on it.
If all else fails, try unplugging the HDD and reinstall Qubes, and if it
successfully boots, plug the HDD back in. It's unlikely but possible
that either the installer or the UEFI got confused about which device to
boot from. This is a shot in the dark, probably won't work, will take
some time, and will wear the SSD a little so use it as a last resort.
As for the xrandr issue, you might want to start a new thread with an
appropriate title if no one replies to it here.
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