When it gets to the qubes logo screen, press ESC to see what it's actually doing.
If you wish to always know what it's doing, turn off rhgb and quiet in the boot config.
Then you will see where the issue is.
It is a high temperature, but does it ONLY happen in Whonix?
Or if you push the PC does it happen also?
Have you tried limiting the threads Whonix can use?
Sometimes CPUs have shutdown at 99 degrees.
So 128 degrees is a bit high in my own opinion.
I recommend you check the CPU Fan and heatsinks (if it has them).
I recommend you get your HDD checked, and your RAM.
Test both thoroughly.
Could be some bad sectors.
Also run a smartd check.
Some PCs have system diagnostics built in for RAM in the startup sequence.
maybet thats your hdd reported temp? Fedora use smartctl by default I think? could be your hdd is going if its the case.