i never tried, but you can pass your pci devices to an appvm (e.g. your
gpu).
https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/assigning-devices/
frameworks will often allow you to use your cpu in case you have no gpu.
as long as your models are small enough you can train that on cpu. (but
training a big nn (neuronal network, but i guess you know that) will
take a long time and cnns (and other deep nns) are big).
so passing through your gpu would be the best course of action.
(maybe your university provides some pcs with standard dev software and
ssh-access. you could try using those.)
-john