I have since removed the webcam/mic physically.
Since doing this, the sound no longer works on Qubes.
I tried booting Ubuntu live disc, and sound works.
So it's not a physical problem.
I feel like Qubes initially detected a certain "state" or some kind of hardware detection.
And now, it's different hardware, so it doesn't play sound anymore. Speakers, headphone sockets.. Simply no sound.
How do I re-detect the sound hardware.. or restart the state.. or something along these lines..?
Something like what Qubes would do when first installing.. Detecting the hardware..? Something like that.
How do I do this?
click on the volume icon on top and pick audio mixer. the third tab is output devices. see if a valid one is there.