The Puppet master always uses local hiera data when it compiles catalogs. Any data you want the target node to provide should be communicated via facts. There are several alternatives for
creating your own custom facts, and none of them are difficult. I linked you to the docs for the most recent version of Facter, but if you are using an earlier version you should look up and refer to that version's docs.
Alternatively, if you keep copies of the needed manifests and Puppet configuration on each node, then you can use 'puppet apply' instead of 'puppet agent'. Then catalog compilation will be performed on that node, without consulting a master. Accordingly, all Hiera lookups will run against local data in that case.
John