Martijn,
Sorry for the delay ... but yes, in the future we don't mind sharing this 'cert-api' code. Unfortunately today its not in a terribly share-able state. It was quite literally my 2nd python-program ever, written 3+ years ago, and written in a short-term hacky way because we naively believed that the PuppetLabs folks would ultimately solve the whole 're-signing certificates' problem (seriously ... 2011 ...
http://projects.puppetlabs.com/issues/7272).
At this point, we're in the midst of a full puppet-server-redesign, and part of that is going to include a ground-up fresh cert-api daemon. Its simple code, so we should get it done within a few days of beginning, but we just havn't quite started yet. When we do, though, it'll definitely be opensourced.
The basic model is that we set our SSL certs to expire after 30 days. Our clients run a little cron job daily that says "is the cert expiring in the next 5 days?", and if that is true, it reaches out to our puppet masters and gets its cert renewed. We've been doing this for years now, with over 20,000 hosts (not simultaneously of course... just the number of hosts we've launched in 3 years), and had no problems with the model.
We'll be adding some additional features to the API to support things like automatic node deregistration in PuppetDB as well.