No, not as such. The CLI provides for using tags to limit the resources applied to a subset of those in the node's catalog, but this does cannot cause resources to be included in the catalog that otherwise would not be. That does not really fit with the Puppet architecture, for tags are a property of declared classes and resources. Or you can look at it as tags being class and resource metadata belonging to the catalog in which they appear (as opposed to being inherent in the classes and resources themselves). As such, you can manipulate a catalog based on tags once it is built, but you cannot use them to cause the catalog to be built differently in the first place. You especially cannot use them to cause a resource to be included that ordinarily would not be, because resources only have tags on the context of a catalog to which they already have been added.
John