DNS itself is unlikely to
directly affect your download or upload speeds.
One possible reason for a change in performance from a speed test tool is that it is using DNS to get a "nearby" IP address to use for testing, and the domain it is using to get the list of IPs does not support
EDNS Client Subnet (
RFC 7871). So you end up getting a test IP address that is closer to a Google Public DNS resolver in Council Bluffs, Iowa (one example), than to Montréal, Québec. You could try looking at the IP addresses the speed test tool reports, and run those through on-line GeoIP to see where they are located.
I see from your screenshots that the IP address reported in both cases is the same, I'm guessing that it is (was) yours; the servers in the two cases are marked as being in Laval and Montréal. Even if you are located in Brossard, and Laval is further away geographically, the network interconnection may be faster and more direct (speed of light delays are not significant for servers that close by).
Although you ran the speed tests with a number of different devices, it looks like they are mostly the same tests/services. You may not see a difference in performance due to DNS service with other speed tests, like the
DSL Reports speed test (which also measures bufferbloat), or
Google's speed test with M-Lab (runs quicker & uses less data, if that matters). I believe neither of these depend on DNS geo-location to determine test IP addresses.
If you still see a difference, even across several completely different speed tests using different sets of servers, there are two possibilities that might cause significant performance differences (although neither is very likely overall). First, there may be a device on your network that is confused by a response (or lack thereof) from Google Public DNS to some DNS lookup it makes, that causes it to repeat the query at a very high rate. Secondly, it could be that there is some kind of botnet or other malware on your network that depends on DNS lookups to get in contact with its controller, and Google Public DNS is not blocking the domains it uses, but your other DNS provider is blocking them. In either of these cases, you could look for a "top-talkers" display on your router to identify devices that are sucking up bandwidth.