dosage=DS or dosage=HDS?

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风筝

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Oct 2, 2020, 9:42:07 AM10/2/20
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Hello,

I am running GWAS using plink2 for HRC imputed data (Minimac4). I notice in PLINK2 website, it says “to import Minimac4-style DS+HDS phased dosage, add 'dosage=HDS'. 'dosage=DS' (or anything else for now) causes the named field to be interpreted as a Minimac3-style dosage". I do find the glm results are slightly different between using "dosage=DS" and using "dosage=HDS".
So what is the difference between DS and HDS? Do I need to use dosage=HDS instead of dosage=DS in PLINK2? 

Thank you very much!

The code I use:
plink2 \
--vcf chr22.dose.vcf.gz dosage=DS \
--id-delim \
--keep pheno_pooled_sample.txt \
--missing variant-only \
--freq \
--hardy \
--pheno pheno_pooled_invBP.txt \
--pheno-name inv_SBP inv_DBP inv_PP inv_MAP \
--glm omit-ref \
--out GWAS_results/BP_pooled_chr22

Christopher Chang

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Oct 2, 2020, 11:41:03 AM10/2/20
to plink2-users
The difference is that DS is unphased and HDS is phased.  However, --glm does not care about genotype/dosage phase; the only reason I'd expect dosage=HDS results to actually differ from dosage=DS results is rounding error.

Khoa Ho

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May 6, 2025, 4:11:02 PM5/6/25
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Hi,

I'm Khoa who also facces the same confusion as 风筝 here. I wonder if setting "dosage=HDS"  actually includes DS in or just HDS values alone? If no DS is imported then I guess one should set "dosage=DS" when planning to use it for glm right? 

Chris Chang

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May 7, 2025, 11:17:26 AM5/7/25
to Khoa Ho, plink2-users
The documentation explicitly says “DS+HDS”, there isn’t really anything else to say.
You can always look at the top of a re-exported VCF (“—export vcf vcf-dosage=HDS”) if you’re unsure what was imported.

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