I don't know of any good general effects libraries, basically the problem with this type of stuff it tends to be pretty specialized for your rendering pipeline, and OSG allows a lot flexibility with setting up rendering pipelines, making one size fits all solutions for something like SSAO to be tough.
I strongly suspect rolling your own solution for a lot of the effects is going to be the easier way of going. I would look at the osgdeferred example, which is good to show you how to do multiple passes, which is key for most of these effects:
For SSAO, you want to setup a rendering pipeline like:
Forward Depth Pass->A SSAO pass ->Blur Pass ->Lighting Pass
A basic tutorial on SSAO:
For shadows, OSG does have osg::shadows, which works......but if you have a larger scene, and have a more complicated pipeline....you are likely better off creating your own, which basically involves a depth pass from your lights perspective, then your forward lighting pass.
A basic tutorial on shadow mapping: