When I run a generic wing.vsp3 in an otherwise empty directory (default settings for VSPAERO, VLM mode), I end up with the attached image listing files in the directory...
OpenVSP file:
wing.vsp3 -- Standard OpenVSP model file
Files written by OpenVSP to be read by VSPAERO:
wing_DegenGeom.csv -- DegenGeom file with VLM geometry
wing_DegenGeom.vspaero -- VSPAERO Solver conditions control file
Files written by VSPAERO during / after solution:
wing_DegenGeom.adb -- Binary file with full solution data, don't try parsing it, read by vspviewer for pretty pictures
wing_DegenGeom.adb.cases -- Simple file giving names to the cases in the *.adb file. Not really useful.
wing_DegenGeom.fem -- File giving loads in a format useful for coupling with a simple beam FEA code.
wing_DegenGeom.group.1 -- Loads of group 1 components in global reference frame
wing_DegenGeom.history -- Total loads and convergence history information
wing_DegenGeom.lod -- Wing load distribution information
wing_DegenGeom.polar -- Simplified overall force/moment output data
If you do unsteady cases, you will have a groups file (no numbers) written by OpenVSP for input to VSPAERO. It is the guide that describes how to group components and describes the motion -- rotors rotating about axes, 6DOF simulation of bodies (center of mass, inertias, etc). Likewise, you will then have multiple groups.# files and possibly rotor.# files with loads on those bodies.
If you do stability cases, you will have at least a .stab file with the stability derivatives summarized in it.
There are other options that will kick out other output files as well.
Most of these are pretty straightforward and human readable. The only binary one is the *.adb file.
If you haven't looked through them, I suggest you do. In particular, the *.history and *.polar file are probably what you want.