disclaimer: I am not an expert here, just a person in a similar situation to you.
Did you use the Nordic-supplied image for the Raspberry pi? One reason I ask is that the Nordic image is pretty old - it is unchanging - but the code in github for OpenThread is constantly changing so I have a slight worry about incompatibility between that Raspberry Pi and its contents and the instructions you would get from the guides or the feedback on this forum. It is something to keep in mind.
generally if you desire the Thread network to be connected to the internet a test would be to open the serial port of your radio board (FTD) which might be 115200 bit rate.
After you power up the FTD and connect the serial port, enter these commands:
ifconfig up
thread start
state
ping 64:ff9b::808:808
and see if you get a response from that public ip address.
That is one step.