First of all, make sure you have all the files associated with the Virginia counties map, not just shp, but also shx
and dbf, and preferably but not necessarily prj all in the same directory.
Also make sure you have a common identifier (key) variable between the map and the excel file and that this
key variable is integer.
Then, open the map in GeoDa (drop the shp file into the “drop files here” box). Open the table and select “Merge”.
Then pull in the excel or csv file, select the common key and the variables to be merged. After they are added
to the table, make sure to save the file either under the old shape file name or Save As under a new name.
If that doesn’t work, there is likely something strange in the files (sometimes there is trouble with excel). Then
first load the excel file in GeoDa and Save As dbf and use the dbf file in the merge operation.
Hope this helps.