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I saw some negative commentary: Complete foolishness. This book says literally "AI is a technology of whiteness...a tool that serves the aims of white supremacy".https://books.google.com.cy/books/about/Artificial_Whiteness.html?id=qN7fDwAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=yIn fact, Katz has a good point, since today's AI is not only dumb and dull, obscure and narrow, but badly biased operating with biased labelled data sets, ignoring minorities, the black, Asians, Russians, etc. but working with the developed contries data sets for facial recognition, recommendation, fraud detection, etc. Say, the self-driving Tesla's AI Autopilot, could identify a black pedestrian as a non-human thing, as happened with Google's image reading algorithm...
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John > You can find stupid biases anywhere. But I keep emphasizing that the field of AI is huge collection of different people with different personal biases and technical biases and educational and cultural biases.
AA> According to the International Commission on Radiological Protection's 1974 definition, "Reference man is defined as being between 20–30 years of age, weighing 70 kg, is 170 cm in height, and lives in a climate with an average temperature of from 10°C to 20°C. He is a Caucasian and is a Western European or North American in habitat and custom."That is indeed a stupid bias. And people who use stupid biases will get stupid results. As I said in my previous note, I made repeated trips to Malaysia for several years, where their knowledge systems group was doing some good AI work. And their situation and methods deviated from every one of those biases by a huge margin.
John> In every field of any kind, there are as many different biases as there are people working in the field. And the ones who make the best breakthroughs are the ones whose biases are outside of the mainstream in a better direction than most.
John.
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And by the way, I am strongly AGAINST any claims about foundations. Science does not have foundations. The most basic science (physics) is constantly developing new foundations and fundamental directions. A foundation is a straight jacket that limits new developments.
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We have a fair amount of agreement about science and technology. The major disagreement is about the word 'foundation'. Scientists and engineers rarely, if ever, use the word 'foundation' when they are developing a theory or applying one or more theories to an application.
People who talk about foundations are usually outsiders -- except for professionals who are actually building stuff out of rock and concrete. Any metaphorical use of the term is usually by amateurs or by professionals in some other field (such as philosophy) who are talking about a science in which they are amateurs.
Please find, quote, and cite peer-reviewed publications in science or engineering where you can find the word 'foundation'. If it's not made of rock, concrete, or other hard material, send us the quotation.
Avril: Today's physics as a whole does have some foundations that virtually everyone accepts. The clearest example is force as the basic quantity.
The word 'force' has different definitions in different theories and applications. Professionals who write precise definitions talk about the symbols, words, axioms, and theorems of a particular theory. But they avoid the word 'foundation' because it has no precise meaning. I suggest that you do the same.
Avril: In sum, even if nobody can claim that they have a foundation for a major science, such as physics, we still by nature strive for better foundations for as wide domains as possible,
Yes. That's a goal. But every major discovery in every science opens up more questions than it answers. The discoveries about the universe in the past century have opened up an immense amount of new results and theories about them. And every new space launch opens up completely new and unexpected results. Nobody talks about or expects anything anyone could call a foundation.
Alex: See https://docs.google.com/document/d/1AnnRns8DqHQdfcUL-kAOtiyu__K4rKK1ulyLTK-sEzw/edit
An excerpt from that book by Landau: "the establishment of general laws is possible only on the basis of experimental data, even finding consequences from general laws requires a preliminary experimental study of the phenomena."
Note that he talks about "general laws", not "foundations". \The term "general law" can be applied to many different special cases. But no physicist would claim that any law known today will never be revised or extended in the future.
By the way, I have a couple of English translations of books by Landau gathering dust in my basement.
John
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Avril and Alex,
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