So two things. First is that you've grabbed binaries (as evidenced by 'linux x64'), which are already built, so there's no configure nor Makefile. That's to build from source code. Download the source code tarball if you really want to build it yourself.
The second is that 0.10.12 is a very, very old release: 0.10.40 is the current in the 0.10 series, 0.12 is out, as is 4.0.0, the newest release of node.
Aria