Interesting... So there is at least a few small problem here with our command line help: "--mesh-only" takes an optional output filename which isn't listed when you run your executable with the help flag. What's happening is your CLI override is being interpreted as the filename that would be used to write the output mesh. Thus, moving the --mesh-only command to the end of the line fixed your issue.
I'm interested in improving the user experience and the error message you receive so can you send us the exact incorrect command line you attempted to run? I'm trying to replicate your exact failure mode but haven't been able to get that same message (with the .inp problem) so far. We did verify that the mesh formats you see on your screen are the OUTPUT formats (not input formats which is why we thought your libMesh was outdated). We do NOT write Abaqus format.
Things to improve:
1) libMesh's error message (it should say whether it's trying to read or write when it prints out that message)
2) MOOSE's CLI help message (needs to list the optional mesh filename)
3) Maybe better diagnostics (when we can help it) with complex command lines
Thanks for your assistance in helping us improve the software.
Cody