I put together instructions on running Sync Gateway + Couchbase Server under CoreOS / Docker:
https://github.com/tleyden/sync-gateway-coreos
CoreOS is a custom distribution of Linux that is geared towards running Docker containers. Docker is essentially a lighter weight virtualization method than traditional virtualization, where processes in the container run on the host OS directly and avoid any CPU emulation overhead.
CoreOS also includes etcd, which is a distributed key-value store and is useful for service discovery, which turns out to be very useful in the case of Couchbase Server.
As a word of caution, running Couchbase Server inside a Docker container is considered "experimental", so you'd probably want to do a lot of testing before running this in production. This is really geared towards spinning up servers to develop against as quick as possible. But one day, it will hopefully become a recommended production practice.
It's using "docker volumes" for storing the Couchbase database files, which should avoid any potential performance pitfalls with using the container filesystem. If you find any issues, please post them either here or as issues on the repo listed above.
Currently it does require a bit more manual setup than I'd want, and I'm working on streamline it a bit. But having said that, you should be able to spin-up an n-node Couchbase Server cluster plus a sync gateway server on AWS in under 30 minutes, where most of that is just waiting for things to happen rather than having to do much work on your own.