In stowei, F is a function, an element of ( J Cn K ) where K is the topology on RR. It is being evaluated at t using ( F ` t ), so I would not expect F to have a free t in it. In metamath we use both the implicit representation of functions via open terms F[t], as well as closed terms F which we evaluate at t using function application (in which case F is a set of ordered pairs). So I don't think anything is wrong here.
If you wanted to have a version of stowei with an implicitly defined function, you could replace F with ( t e. T |-> X ) everywhere, and ( F ` t ) with X.