If you want to clone the entire project, but only build the modified subprojects, I'm not aware of any direct support for that technique.
Are you intending to use it as some form of "incremental build"? If so, then you may want to make that incremental build part of your build script (Makefile, maven pom, etc.) and rely on those scripts to determine which things have changed since the last build in that workspace.
Another alternative would be to create a job which only operates on the submodule, without cloning the parent module or any of the other submodules.
Mark Waite