docker-pipeline does rely on docker-exec to enter a container an run commands inside it, so the jenkins slave remoting still applies to the hosting node.
this was inspired by Docker Custom Build Environment Plugin (aka Oki Docki plugin)
Main benefit is you can run arbitrary docker image, you don't need one created to host a jenkins slave. Typically, you can use an image you use on your own developer workstation to reproduce a specific build environment.
But this setup also has some limitations, one of them being you need a local docker daemon on jenkins slave, as it relies on bind mounting project workspace