Kindly confirm if the plant is Rubia wallichiana .It was growing in a lawn in Srinagar .The stem is aciculate and square.The corolla of the flowers is white and most of the fruits are black and tiny 2-3 mm in dia though a very few were upto 5 mm in dia.
Walter R.Lawrence in “The Valley of Kashmir” (1895) Chapter XIII p 344 writes that till Samvat 1923 ( 1866 A.D.) madder was cultivated in Kashmir and its roots sold at 8 Annas per Seer (at present rates about Rs350/Kg.).Rubia wallichiana is even today in use by Monpa people of Tibet and Arunachal Paradesh
Yang R et al in their paper published in the Nature family Open Access Journal Science Reports write that:
“ Synthetic dyes not only pollute the environment and damage ecosystems but can also be harmful to human health..Thus, an “eco-efficiency” concept has come into existence to bring economic and environmental viability together.. As a biodegradable and recyclable resource, natural dyes are gradually beginning to receive more attention..( Yang, R., Zhang, Y., Ranjitkar, S. et al. Reusing wasteroot of Rubia wallichiana dyeing from Monpa of Tibet in China. Sci Rep 11, 14331 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93848-8 )
Cultivation of Rubia wallichiana can be promoted as a sunrise industry in Kashmir.
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45 (44) | Stems smooth or sparsely aculeolate; flowers purplish red, greenish yellowish, or whitish; fruit 3.5-4 mm in diam., black at maturity. | 37 R. wallichiana | |
+ | Stems rather markedly or sparsely aculeolate; flowers greenish, yellowish, or whitish; fruit 4-6(-7) mm in diam., orange at maturity. | 5 R. cordifolia |
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