Confusion in Elaeagnus species in Flora of Peninsular India

[J.M. Garg]

Dear members,

Flora of Peninsular India gives the following species with details as below:

Elaeagnus indica Servett. (Syn: Elaeagnus conferta Roxb.) (Endemic to Andhra pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamilnadu- Flower, fruit- March to June)

Elaeagnus latifolia L. (S-India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar [Burma] (Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon), Malesia, Andamans (Middle Andamans, South Andamans), Nicobars (Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.), Pakistan (I), Bangladesh as per Catalogue of Life- Karnataka, Kerala, Orissa and Tamilnadu- Flower, fruit- November to March)

I could not find the difference between the two on net.

Going by this (Flower, fruit- November to March), most of the observations in our site at Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. should be of E. latifolia. 

Can someone solve this mystery ?

--

With regards,
J.M.Garg

'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna'

Winner of Wipro-NFS Sparrow Awards 2014 for efloraofindia. 

For identification, learning, discussion & documentation of Indian Flora, please visit/ join our Efloraofindia Google e-group (largest in the world- more than 3,000 members & 3,00,000 messages on 23.8.18) or Efloraofindia website (with a species database of more than 13,000 species & 3,00,000 images of which more than 1,70,000 images are directly displayed).

The whole world uses my Image Resource of more than a thousand species & eight thousand images of Birds, Butterflies, Plants etc. (arranged alphabetically & place-wise). You can also use them for free as per Creative Commons license attached with each image.

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[Saroj Kasaju]

POWO

Thank you

Saroj Kasaju

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[J.M. Garg]

What are the observations in Flora of Maharashtra ?

[Dinesh Valke]

In one of the resources that I refer to - the entry is as follows: Elaeagnus infundibularis Momiy. (= Elaeagnus latifolia auct non L.; Elaeagnus conferta Roxb.)

Reference: The Gazetteer Department - महाराष्ट्रातील वनस्पतीशास्त्र आणि वनसंपदा

I am not aware of contents in Flora of Maharshtra.

Thus there is some connection of  Elaeagnus latifolia auct non L. with E. conferta Roxb. in Flora.

In sites like The Plants List, POWO, GBIF, the listing could be different.

Regards.

Dinesh

[J.M. Garg]

Thanks, Dinesh ji.

I think Flora by Almeida ji may be of some help in this matter.

[J.M. Garg]

Useful Tropical plants on Elaeagnus latifolia says as below:

Elaeagnus latifolia, Elaeagnus conferta and Elaeagnos triflora are sometimes treated as three distinct species and sometimes as a single entity (under Elaeagnus latifolia). There is also disagreement over the range of the species, with Elaeagnus latifolia variously stated to be native to the Indian Continent or to continental southeast Asia. In this treatment the three are treated as distinct, following the Flora Malesiana.

Many taxa in this genus are separated only by quantitative characters, and better information on population variation is likely to lead to a significant reduction in the number of species recognized. Indeed, recent studies (Du, Fl. Yunnan. 12: 749-776. 2006) suggest that some species of Elaeagnus should be combined.

Synonyms given are as below:

Elaeagnus infundibularis Momiy.

Elaeagnus kologa ceylanica Servett.

Elaeagnus kologa grisebachii Servett.

Elaeagnus kologa macrophylla Servett.

Elaeagnus kologa wightii Servett.

Elaeagnus punctata Schltdl.

Elaeagnus rotundifolia Servett.

Elaeagnus thwaitesii Schltdl.

On Mon, 16 Sep 2019 at 16:19, J.M. Garg <jmg...@gmail.com> wrote:

[Dinesh Valke]

Thanks Garg ji.

I have not studied this matter; most probably I may not succeed !

There could be more than one E. latifolia described, and therefore the confusion.

As I said,  Elaeagnus latifolia auct non L. is considered synonymous with E. conferta Roxb.

Regards.

Dinesh

[J.M. Garg]

I have made some mistake earlier. Correct wordings should be

Flora of Peninsular India gives the following species with details as below:

Elaeagnus indica Servett. (Endemic to Andhra pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamilnadu- Flower, fruit- March to June)

Elaeagnus latifolia L. (Syn: Elaeagnus conferta Roxb.; Elaeagnus kologa Sch. in DC.) (S-India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar [Burma] (Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon), Malesia, Andamans (Middle Andamans, South Andamans), Nicobars (Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.), Pakistan (I), Bangladesh as per Catalogue of Life- Karnataka, Kerala, Orissa and Tamilnadu- Flower, fruit- November to March)

I could not find the difference between the two on net.

I could not find the difference between the two on net.
Going by this (Flower, fruit- November to March), most of the observations in our site at Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. should be of E. latifolia. 

Can someone solve this mystery ?

[J.M. Garg]

Note in the book at Elaeagnus latifolia L. further says:

This taxon has often been segregated into two distinct species on the basis of perianth and anthocarp shape. The low altitude plants has been placed under E. conferta and higher altitude plants under E. kologa. As the species is a variable one, we have retained the broader Linean species concept.

An excursion flora of Central Tamilnadu by K M Mathew (1995), gives following differences between two species as:

Leaves coppery below, Fascicle > 5-flowered, scales peltate, brown, Nut winged. Higher hills- E. kologa

Leaves silvery below, Fascicle < 4-flowered, scales stellate, silvery white, Nut not winged. Lower hills- E. indica

[J.M. Garg]

On furthers search, I found that our observations in efi site at Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. matches with those of Elaeagnus latifolia L. at

Flora of Karnataka

Flora of peninsular India

Flora of eastern Ghats

Also Catalogue of Life gives distribution for this species as S-India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar [Burma] (Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon), Malesia, Andamans (Middle Andamans, South Andamans), Nicobars (Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.), Pakistan (I), Bangladesh

Catalogue of Life gives distribution of Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. as China (Guangxi, Yunnan), India, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Java, peninsular Malaysia (Penang, Perak), Assam, Bangladesh, Myanmar [Burma], Bhutan, Darjeeling, Indochina, Andaman Isl., Nicobar Isl., Sumatra, Mauritius (I) - I think India here means other than south India.

Flora of Pakistan also mention Elaeagnus latifolia Linn. with distribution as Burma, Malaya Islands, Sri lanka, China, subtropical and temperate Himalaya, while there is no mention of this in Flora of China, which mentions both Elaeagnus conferta Roxburgh& Elaeagnus angustifolia Linnaeus (other two species mentioned in Flora of Pakistan), Checklist of Nepal and Flora of Bhutan.

In view of all this analysis, I feel our observations from South India and Maharashtra, should be taken as Elaeagnus latifolia L. with Elaeagnus kologa Schltdl. as syn. and other synonyms as per Catalogue of Life;

[J.M. Garg]

Finally I got the Keys from Flora Malesiana as below:

	1. Flowers tubulose-campanulate; limb 4.5-7 mm long. Style straight, sparsely scaly at base only. Perianth segments (2-)3-4 by 2-3.25 mm. Continental Southeast Asia …. Elaeagnus latifolia
	1' Flowers trumpet-shaped; limb 1-4 mm long. Style at apex hook-shaped..... 2
	2 Limb 3.5-4 mm long, sometimes thickened at base. Style densely stellate-scaly, especially near the base. Perianth segments (1 —)1.5—2 by 1.5-2 mm …. Elaeagnus conferta
	2' Limb 1—3(—4) mm long. Style glabrous, rarely with some stellate scales at base. Perianth segments 2-4(-5) by 2-3 mm ....   Elaeagnus triflora

There is an illustration of Elaeagnus conferta in Flora Malesiana, which looks different from our plant.  

In view, I am taking our observations from South India and Maharashtra as Elaeagnus latifolia L. with Elaeagnus kologa Schltdl. as syn. and other synonyms as per Catalogue of Life;

[Tabish]

Dear Garg ji,

   Please have a look at the pictures of Elaeagnus latifolia at Flora of Peninsular India:

 http://flora-peninsula-indica.ces.iisc.ac.in/herbsheet.php?id=3529&cat=7

The flowers look different from those clicked by Dinesh. Distinct difference in the relative size of the inflorescence and the leaves. Flowers in flora-peninsula are very small compared to the leaves.

   Tabish

[J.M. Garg]

No, Tabish ji.

There is a lot of confusion on net between these species.

Pictures at http://ppbc.iplant.cn/tu/492336 are not of Elaeagnus conferta. Appears more like Elaeagnus parvifolia or similar species.

Pl. see correct at Elaeagnus conferta as per images, details and references herein.

On Thu, 10 Oct 2019 at 19:10, Tabish <tab...@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear Garg ji,

   I think I agree with you. I found a picture of Elaeagnus conferta here:

  http://ppbc.iplant.cn/tu/492336

and the shape of the flowers is distinctly trumpet shaped, different from what we have on FOI, which should really be described as tubular.

   Best wishes

   Tabish

On Wednesday, September 25, 2019 at 11:32:56 AM UTC+5:30, JM Garg wrote:

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J.M.Garg

'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna'

Winner of Wipro-NFS Sparrow Awards 2014 for efloraofindia. 

For identification, learning, discussion & documentation of Indian Flora, please visit/ join our Efloraofindia Google e-group (largest in the world- more than 3,000 members & 3,00,000 messages on 23.8.18) or Efloraofindia website (with a species database of more than 13,000 species & 3,00,000 images of which more than 2,00,000 images are directly displayed on 30.8.19).

[J.M. Garg]

No. Tabish ji,

Pictures of Elaeagnus latifolia at Flora of Peninsular India at http://flora-peninsula-indica.ces.iisc.ac.in/herbsheet.php?id=3529&cat=7 look similar to those clicked by Dinesh.

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With regards,
J.M.Garg

'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna'

Winner of Wipro-NFS Sparrow Awards 2014 for efloraofindia. 

For identification, learning, discussion & documentation of Indian Flora, please visit/ join our Efloraofindia Google e-group (largest in the world- more than 3,000 members & 3,00,000 messages on 23.8.18) or Efloraofindia website (with a species database of more than 13,000 species & 3,00,000 images of which more than 2,00,000 images are directly displayed on 30.8.19).

The whole world uses my Image Resource of more than a thousand species & eight thousand images of Birds, Butterflies, Plants etc. (arranged alphabetically & place-wise). You can also use them for free as per Creative Commons license attached with each image.

[Dinesh Valke]

Hi Garg ji,

I have revised my notes at flickr, the pictures of Elaeagnus triflora var. triflora can be found with this new search words.

Regards.

Dinesh

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[J.M. Garg]

Thanks, Dinesh ji.

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With regards,
J.M.Garg

'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna'

Winner of Wipro-NFS Sparrow Awards 2014 for efloraofindia. 

For identification, learning, discussion & documentation of Indian Flora, please visit/ join our Efloraofindia Google e-group (largest in the world- more than 3,000 members & 3,00,000 messages on 23.8.18) or Efloraofindia website (with a species database of more than 13,000 species & 3,00,000 images of which more than 2,00,000 images are directly displayed on 30.8.19).

The whole world uses my Image Resource of more than a thousand species & eight thousand images of Birds, Butterflies, Plants etc. (arranged alphabetically & place-wise). You can also use them for free as per Creative Commons license attached with each image.

Also author of 'A Photoguide to the Birds of Kolkata & Common Birds of India'.

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