Balsaminaceae, Geraniaceae and Oxalidaceae week: Balsaminaceae-Impatiens scabrida from Manali and Chakrata-GS-12

[Gurcharan Singh]

Impatiens scabrida DC., Prodr. 1:687. 1824.

Syn: Impatiens cristata Wall.; I. calycina Wall.; I. hamiltoniana D. Don

        I. praetermissa Hook.f.; I. tricornis Lindl.

Local names: rindliya, tilura

Branched annual herb often reaching up to 1 m tall, pubescent or subglabrous towards base, often purple; leaves alternate, elliptic to oblong-ovate, 6-15 cm long, sessile or short petiolate, petiole with two sessile glands at base, leaf margin sharply serrate, teeth gland-tipped, apex acuminate; flowers golden yellow, spotted with purple or brown, 3-4 cm long excluding spur, in 1-3 flowered clusters on up to 7 cm long axillary peduncles; pedicel with usually 2 lanceolate persistent 3-4 mm long bracteoles; 2 lateral sepals ovate-rounded, 5-6 mm long, mucronate; lower sepal broadly funnel-shaped, abruptly narrowed into incurved spur 10-12 mm long; upper petal broadly circular 12-15 mm long, 16-18 mm broad, with horn-like green outgrowth on back, bilobed at tip; lateral united petals without claws, bilobed, basal lobes rounded, distal lobes with inflexed auricle; capsule erect,  linear, 25-40 mm long, ribbed hairy.

Photographed from Manali and Chakrata

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Dr. Gurcharan Singh

Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Phone: 011-25518297  Mob: 9810359089

http://www.gurcharanfamily.com/ 
http://people.du.ac.in/~singhg45/

[Wojciech]

Recently found spontaneous in several places in Europe. Uncommon in cultivation

                                                                                                                Wojciech

[J.M. Garg]

Impatiens tricornis as per another thread by Ashutosh ji at Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl. 

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With regards,
J.M.Garg

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[Saroj Kasaju]

Impatiens scabrida

Impatiens scabrida

Impatiens scabrida DC.

Impatiens scabrida DC. 

Thank you.

Saroj Kasaju

To view this discussion on the web, visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/indiantreepix/CA%2BiuSFD%2B4PWdRwLaGd%2B_MSCa%2BE8A1E1ZfN0%3D%2BzUGV255t8qa9A%40mail.gmail.com.

[Gurcharan Singh]

I agree with Saroj ji, I. scabrida.

I upload here two very distinct specimens

I. edgeworthii with gradually narrowed tube, longer slightly or distinctly curved spur, lighter coloured flowers, stems mostly glabrous

I. scabrida with suddenly narrowed tube, shorter curved spur and brighter flowers, stems mostly scabrid..

Dr. Gurcharan Singh

Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.

Mob: 9810359089

https://sing96.wixsite.com/mysite-1

[Saroj Kasaju]

Thank you Gurucharan sir.

Saroj Kasaju

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Thank you.

Saroj Kasaju

[J.M. Garg]

Hi, Saroj ji and Singh ji,

Pl. go through Renaming Impatiens scabrida DC. page to Impatiens tricornis Lindl. 

To view this discussion on the web, visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/indiantreepix/CAEf%3DytTvnh_2p76HsRkkD%2B2Eq4XKzu4SmidKNR2u0UBnjXGKOg%40mail.gmail.com.

[Gurcharan Singh]

Garg ji

Garg ji, I have gone through all, and given my detailed comments.

We can't be adhoc in our approach, we have to decide which database to follow. We can't follow isolated papers, that too about plants about another country. See my two specimens critically.

Why do want to follow a name which no database follows?

Dr. Gurcharan Singh

Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Mob: 9810359089

https://sing96.wixsite.com/mysite-1

[J.M. Garg]

Hi, Singh ji,

It is not an isolated paper and recently published. It deals with our plant found in NW Himlayas and that too by authors who have worked in this area on Impatiens substantially. In due course, it will be reflected in Online databases.

I am reproducing relevant extracts from Studies of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal 3. Impatiens scabrida and Allied Species Shinobu Akiyama1,* and Hideaki Ohba2

(Abstract: Impatiens tricornis (Balsaminaceae), often treated to be conspecific with I. scabrida, is distinguished by the shape of the lower sepal. After checking the type of I. scabrida it became clear that most of the plants referred to as I. scabrida, or I. cristata, are not true I. scabrida, but I. tricornis. Lectotypes for I. calycina and I. tricornis are designated) 

1. Impatiens tricornis Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 26: t. 7 (1840). Hook. in Bot. Mag. 70: t. 4051 (1844).
Type: Illustration, t. 7 published in Bot. Reg. 26 (1840) (lectotype, designated here).
   I. praetermissa Hook.f. in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37: 29 (1904). Type: Wallich s.n. (not found).
   I. scabrida auct. non DC.: Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 2: t. 323 (1840). Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 472 (1875); in Rec. Bot. Srv. Ind. 4: 7 & 10 (1904). Hara in Fl. E. Him.: 196 (1966); 2nd rep.: 75 (1971); in Hara & Williams, Enum.
Flow. Pl. Nepal 2: 80 (1979). Polunin & Stainton, Flow. Himal.: 70 (1984). Akiyama et al. in Ohba & Malla, Him. Pl. 2: 83, fig. 16, Pl. 6 a–c (1991); in J. Jap. Bot. 67: 192 (1992). 

   I. cristata auct. non Wall.: Hook.f. in Rec. Bot.
Srv. Ind. 4: 7 & 10 (1904); 4: 22 (1905). Grey-Wilson in Grierson & Long, Fl. Bhutan 2: 92, fig.12a–c (1991).                      

Herbs, annual, erect, 30–80 cm tall, pubescent. Leaves alternate, evenly distributed along the stem, petiolate or nearly sessile in upper part of stem; petiole 5–25 mm long; blade herbaceous, broadly lanceolate to ovate or elliptic, 3–11.5 cm􀊷 1.5–4.3 cm, base attenuate, margin serrate to crenate-serrate, apex acuminate or acute, scabrid on both surfaces. Inflorescences axillary, with 1–3 (or 4) flowers. Peduncle 8–15 mm long. Pedicels 10–20 mm long with a bract at the middle. Bracts narrowly ovate to linear, 3–6 mm long, apex acute. Flowers pale yellow or yellow with reddish brown dots, 2.5–3 cm long, 3–3.5 cm deep. Lateral sepals 2, nearly round, ca. 10 mm long, with an awn at apex. Lower sepal pale yellow shaded with dull orange, bucciniform, (9–)15–18 mm long, (13–)20–25 mm deep (excluding the spur), abruptly constricted into incurved spur; spur curved, (8–)15–23 mm in overall length. Dorsal petal pale yellow, 12–15(–18) mm long,14–18(–24) mm wide when flattened, cucullate, dorsally with a keel-like crest; crest 3–5 mm high. Lateral united petals pale yellow, sometimes with brownish stripes, (18–)25–30 mm long; upper lobe oblong to ovate, (7–)13–15 mm long, (6–)7–10 mm wide, apex slightly retuse to truncate; lower lobe ovate to elliptic-ovate, (11–) 13–15(–17) mm long, (5–)6–8 mm wide, apex obtuse. Stamens 5, anthers without appendage. Fruit 3–4 cm long.

2. Impatiens scabrida DC., Prodr. 1: 687 (Jan. 1824). Holotype: Nepal [Napauliâ]. Wallich s.n. (G00218814). [Figs. 2, 4a, b] I. calycina Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 463 (Mar.–June 1824). Type: Nepal. Chundrugiri [Chandragiri] [Chandaghiry on the label] Wallich [4769a], Aug. 1821 (designated here). [Figs. 4e, 5] I. cristata Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 456 (Mar.–June 1824). Type: not designated. No authentic specimen is found.
Similar to I. tricornis but flowers smaller. Lower sepal navicular or infundibuliform, 9–12 mm long, 5.5–8 mm deep (excluding the spur), tapering into a long upwardly or downwardly curved spur; spur 17–25 mm in overall length.
Specimens examined: Known only from the types of I. scabrida and I. calycina.          

Conclusions
It is clear that the shape of the lower sepal of I. scabrida sensu DC. is navicular and tapers into a spur. In I. cristata and I. calycina it is clear that the lower sepal also gradually tapers into a spur.
In contrast, the lower sepal of I. scabrida [sensu Hara (1979) and Akiyama et al. (1991, 1992)] is bucciniform to funnel-shaped and abruptly constricted into the spur, which corresponds with the features of I. tricornis and I. praetermissa. The shape of the lower sepal of I. hamiltoniana is still uncertain. The name I. tricornis should therefore be used for I. scabrida [sensu Hara (1979) and Akiyama et al. (1991, 1992)].

[Gurcharan Singh]

Garg ji

Before we reach any conclusion, we have to decide:

Are we rejecting I. scabrida for our specimens totally?

This paper identifies I. tricornis as distinct species, Catalogue of Life considers it synonym of I. cristata, which this paper considers as synonym of I. scabrida. This paper was published in 2016, whereas Catalogue of Life is updated every year. No database recognises I. tricornis, but we want to accept it. I don't see any justification.

As I wrote earlier let us first find key separating I. edgeworthii, I. scabrida and I. tricornis (if at all distinct species) and the place of specimens.

Dr. Gurcharan Singh

Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Mob: 9810359089

https://sing96.wixsite.com/mysite-1

[J.M. Garg]

Thanks, Singh ji,

Catalogue of life is not mentioning as to on which publication and up to what publication they have based their observation.

If their is any subsequent paper, it is not appearing on search in net.

Authors have examined specimens from the area as given in their publication and explained in detail.

In such a situation, I personally feel it is prudent that we go by this publication.

[Ashutosh Sharma]

Respected Gurcharan Singh sir,

Sir we are not rejecting Impatiens scabrida DC. for our all specimens totally even i am happy to tell you that what you have just posted under name 'Impatiens-edgeworthiiChakrata Tiger fall area-DSC01532-Chakrata-1' image looks matching with true Impatiens scabrida DC. characterised by having navicular lower sepal tapering into a long spur... 

If you have its more images please share sir... 

But most of the image on site previously under name I. scabrida is of I.tricornis and i think Garg ji in some posts where we don't have enough details of lower sepal/spur etc available we have to add such posts in Impatiens scabrida complex page.... 

Now about database, we are following most recently updated database i.e. Plants of the World Online published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.  Please see the link below

http://plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:374391-1

Gurcharan Singh sir moreover Impatiens scabrida complex needs furthur studies which we are working on so for the time being we have to follow this ... 

Thanks 

Best regards

Ashutosh Sharma 

[Wojciech Adamowski]

Plant named I. edgeworthii by Gurcharan Singh ji look very promising for being true I. scabrida. Further studies of cytology and other features are needed to confirm its status.

Thanks Ashutosh for alerting me :-).

Best regards             Wojciech Adamowski

[Gurcharan Singh]

Thanks Ashutosh Sharma ji

All matter would be solved if we have key separating three species. Once we have this key, I can sort my images and know what is what.

We have two distinct types yellow flowered Impatiens: one with funnel shaped tube and longer spur which we were calling I. edgeworthii, and one with bucchiform suddenly tapered tube which we called I. scabrida but now interpreted as I. tricornis, This means we have to know differences between I. edgeworthii and I. scabrida as according to new interpretation.

 

Dr. Gurcharan Singh

Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Mob: 9810359089

https://sing96.wixsite.com/mysite-1

[Gurcharan Singh]

Thanks dear Wojceich Adamowski

I would be very happy if we have three species in our area instead of two, as Shinobu Akiyama and Hideaki Ohba paper which started all this report I. scabrida only from type locality Nepal. As I have written in all my posts we need to know key differences between all three species, or at least between I. edgeworthii and I. scabrida according to new interpretation.  

Dr. Gurcharan Singh

Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.

Mob: 9810359089

https://sing96.wixsite.com/mysite-1

[J.M. Garg]

Thanks for the wonderful discussions.

[J.M. Garg]

Hi, Singh ji,

Pl. share high resolution images of this plant.

[J.M. Garg]

Sorry not for this plant.

[J.M. Garg]

For  'Impatiens-edgeworthiiChakrata Tiger fall area-DSC01532-Chakrata-1'

[Gurcharan Singh]

Garg ji

I have several populations of I. edgeworthii, I will upload variations, but before that need to know key differences between I. edgeworthii and I. scabrida according to new interpretation.

Dr. Gurcharan Singh

Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Mob: 9810359089

https://sing96.wixsite.com/mysite-1

[Wojciech Adamowski]

Dear Gurcharan ji and other efi users,

I am unable to produce real key to distinguish about 40 species of balsams known from Western Himalaya. However, you can find some help in my project, called Balsaminaceae Information Center on ResearchGate portal.

I would like to push your attention to two existing files: Impatiens_portraits_300 with links to pictures of about 300 of Impatiens taxa and Impatiens of Nepal.

These materials should be visible and accessible also for people only visiting ResearchGate.

I am very busy now with other work, but I hope to add file with some information on Western Himalayan Impatiens before start of field season.

Best regards             Wojciech Adamowski

[J.M. Garg]

Thanks, Wojciech ji 

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With regards,
J. M. Garg

To view this discussion on the web, visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/indiantreepix/900881182.3833012.1582138674625%40mail.yahoo.com.

[Gurcharan Singh]

It would be interesting to know the treatment of three species I. edgeworthii, I. scabrida and I. tricornis in recent revision of Impatiens from Eastern Himalayas, especially differentiating characters:

Balsams of Eastern Himalaya , 

• Rajib Gogoi, 
• Souravjyoti Borah, 
• Sudhansu Sekhar Dash, 
• Paramjit Singh, March 2019, Botanical Survey of India, any one having access to the book may please check.

Dr. Gurcharan Singh

Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Mob: 9810359089

https://sing96.wixsite.com/mysite-1

[Ashutosh Sharma]

Respected Gurcharan Singh sir,

I have gone through this book, it also follows the paper of Dr. Shinobu Akiyama mam, the yellower species present on our site previously under name Impatiens scabrida is treated as Impatiens tricornis in that book too moreover there is no details of Impatiens edgeworthii in that book as I. edgeworthii is not found in Eastern Himalayas it is only distributed upto Nepal...

Best regards 

Ashutosh Sharma 

[Gurcharan Singh]

Thanks a lot Ashutosh

I am waiting for differences between I. edgeworthii and I. scabrida, so that we could distribute our images under former. I have interesting variations from Western Himalayas, but these could be scrutinised only after we know the differences according to new interpretation. 

Dr. Gurcharan Singh

Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Mob: 9810359089

https://sing96.wixsite.com/mysite-1