Reflecting on a year's work

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Gary Hinson

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Apr 24, 2026, 5:20:23 PMApr 24
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I've blogged about progress since the manuscript for the Cybersecurity Hyperglossary was submitted to the publisher a year ago:

https://www.hyperglossary.com/post/reflecting-on-a-year-s-work

Comments sought: the silence is deafening.  

Kind regards/Ngā mihi,

____________________________________________

Rob Slade, greatgrandpa and widower

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Apr 24, 2026, 6:24:34 PMApr 24
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On Fri, Apr 24, 2026 at 2:20 PM Gary Hinson <ga...@isect.com> wrote:

Comments sought: the silence is deafening.  

I hear your silence: I heard the same thing when I did it.  About a year after publication I had about 25% more terms.  Never did get to a second edition.

--
Psalm 142:4, Ezekiel 24:16,18; Matthew 13:12; Isaiah 57:1; Genesis 2:18; 2 Corinthians 2:7,8; John 13:35; Proverbs 25:20; James 2:15,16; Proverbs 24:11-12, Jeremiah 45:3, Deuteronomy 28: 65-67, Isaiah 38:15, Psalm 69:20, Revelation 9:6, Numbers 11:15
Uuk klah ma, Rob.  U huk witas hluucsma, Gloria  Wikaah chachimhiy.

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Gary Hinson

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Apr 24, 2026, 7:03:42 PMApr 24
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... and I'm not there yet.  I'll continue working on it, anyway, for my own benefit and enjoyment (sad workaholic geek that I am!) but provided there is sufficient demand to justify publishing it, that's a possibility. Or not if it disappears without trace - less impact than a fruitfly riding a feather in a storm. 

Kind regards/Ngā mihi,

____________________________________________


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Marty Carter

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Apr 25, 2026, 5:36:52 AMApr 25
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Hi Gary,

I’ve been meaning to write for a while, so apologies for taking so long to give you some proper feedback.

I wanted to let you know how useful I’ve found the Hyperglossary. I use it almost every day now, and it’s become a key part of how I work. I spend a lot of time writing policies and documentation for clients across multiple regions and sectors, and having a reliable reference alongside me has been a real help. It’s great for sense-checking terminology, keeping definitions consistent, and shaping explanations so they land well in different contexts. That kind of consistency isn’t easy to maintain, but the Hyperglossary genuinely makes it easier. The layout is clear, and the way everything links together makes it very practical in day-to-day use.

Your latest update shows just how much effort and time you’re putting into this. Adding around 700 new entries in a year is impressive in itself, but what really stands out is the ongoing refinement and linking. To me, that’s what puts this book above all the others because it’s become and continues to be a connected body of knowledge rather than a list of terms on paper.

The number of AI-related terms doesn’t surprise me at all. It just reinforces how valuable this is right now. It’s hard to keep up with the pace of change in that space, so having a clear and consistent reference point is hugely helpful.

I think sharing new terms as you go is also a great idea. I, for one, would be more than happy to offer feedback. This is a good way to keep things progressing while still getting useful input before anything is finalised.

For what it is worth, I would definitely welcome a second edition when the time’s right. From where I’m sitting, it’s already a really useful resource and only getting stronger.

So I wouldn't hang it up just yet, unless the call of a quiet riverbank is getting hard to ignore 😉

Really appreciate all the effort you’ve put into this, Gary. It shows.

Kind regards,

Marty


Marty Carter

Director | Information Security Consultant


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Gary Hinson

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Apr 25, 2026, 4:43:05 PMApr 25
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Thank you for that, Marty.  I'm touched and relieved to find someone making such good use of it. 

OK, I'll continue listing new terms (B's today!) and thinking about how best to share the definitions in draft for feedback - perhaps an area on the website and/or or a document, updated monthly. 

The riverbank isn't calling so loudly at the moment - too much heavy rain lately triggering mudslips so the local rivers are like cold pea soup.  Poor fishing.  Poor fish! 

Thanks again for your kindness and support, quite a boost.

Kind regards/Ngā mihi,

____________________________________________


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Marty Carter

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Apr 27, 2026, 4:41:55 AMApr 27
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You're very welcome Gary.

With regard to sharing drafts, I’m happy to go with whatever works best for you.

Looking forward to providing feedback!

Kind regards,

Marty


Marty Carter

Director | Information Security Consultant


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Meridian GRC Consulting Ltd

Meridian GRC Consulting Ltd

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Gary Hinson

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Apr 27, 2026, 4:40:05 PMApr 27
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Thanks Marty.

Here's a preview screenshot of the webpage I'm working on, to illustrate the approach:

image.png

I'm reproducing my plain English definitions without the references to various formal glossaries and external sources, and without the matrix of cross-reference hyperlinks in the original.  Those will just have to wait for the next edition but meanwhile I hope these definitions will prove useful - particularly in rapidly evolving areas such as AI where the language is developing at a blistering pace. 

So far, I've 'done' the A and B sections, leaving 24.  The 'Additions' web page will hopefully be ready to release for comment before the end of May provided I'm not distracted by paying work or plain exhausted! 

Kind regards/Ngā mihi,

____________________________________________


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Rob Slade, greatgrandpa and widower

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Apr 27, 2026, 8:19:15 PMApr 27
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On Mon, Apr 27, 2026 at 1:40 PM Gary Hinson <ga...@isect.com> wrote:

Are you really sure about that 51% attack? I'm not sure that it's the computational power that is the important factor. I think that it's more that if you control 51% of the cryptocurrency itself, you are able to force changes in the blockchain, which have to be accepted by the rest of the cryptocurrency holders. In addition, I don't think this is necessarily a factor of blockchain overall, but rather the parameters used in the Bitcoin blockchain.

I could be wrong ... 

--
Psalm 142:4, Ezekiel 24:16,18; Matthew 13:12; Isaiah 57:1; Genesis 2:18; 2 Corinthians 2:7,8; John 13:35; Proverbs 25:20; James 2:15,16; Proverbs 24:11-12, Jeremiah 45:3, Deuteronomy 28: 65-67, Isaiah 38:15, Psalm 69:20, Revelation 9:6, Numbers 11:15
Uuk klah ma, Rob.  U huk witas hluucsma, Gloria  Wikaah chachimhiy.

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Gary Hinson

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Apr 28, 2026, 2:37:53 PMApr 28
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A: No I'm not sure at all Rob, being a cryptocurrency minor not miner.  More research required.

This is exactly the kind of thoughtful feedback I need when the updates page goes live.  Thank you!

Meanwhile, despite ten long months of painstaking proofreading and correction, I know errors and omissions remain in the published book ... because I find more every time I work on the manuscript.

Ignoring the trivia (typos, terms sequence-out-of, that sort of thing), I can include corrections for significant errors among the new terms on the website.

So, more feedback is very welcome - especially factual errors, differing interpretations and nuances I've missed, plus new terms.

Direct and to-the-point feedback is fine by me, either through this email reflector or direct to Ga...@isect.com.  Being a former auditor (in remission), I stil have the thickened scaly skin.  Make me wince!  Remind me that I'm merely (nearly?) human!

Kind regards/Ngā mihi,

____________________________________________


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Gary Hinson

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Apr 28, 2026, 2:56:56 PMApr 28
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How's this? 

image.png

Better, worse or about the same?

Re 'disempower', I wonder if there is a specific term-of-art for this, maybe one I should add and define.  

Kind regards/Ngā mihi,

____________________________________________


Rob Slade, greatgrandpa and widower

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Apr 28, 2026, 4:12:05 PMApr 28
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On Tue, Apr 28, 2026 at 11:56 AM Gary Hinson <ga...@isect.com> wrote:
How's this? 

image.png

Better, worse or about the same?

Better, but still not happy with it.  I hate you: you have forced me to, once again, turn to genAI.  I'm still not happy with my own, or ChatGPT's, research.  Needs more work.  ChaGPT told me:

The attack you’re thinking of is called a 51% attack (also known as a majority attack).

Definition

A 51% attack occurs when a single entity or coordinated group gains control of more than half of a blockchain network’s validating power—either:

  • Mining hash power (in Proof-of-Work systems like Bitcoin), or
  • Staked tokens / validation power (in Proof-of-Stake systems)

With that majority, the attacker can effectively control the consensus process and decide which transactions are accepted as valid.

What the Attacker Can Do

Once majority control is achieved, the attacker can manipulate the blockchain in several ways:

  • Double-spend coins (spend the same cryptocurrency twice by rewriting recent history)
  • Reverse transactions they previously made
  • Block or censor transactions from other users
  • Reorder transactions for profit (e.g., front-running)
  • Exclude other miners/validators, effectively monopolizing block creation

Technically, this works because the network follows the longest (or most-work) chain, so a majority controller can create an alternative chain that overrides the honest one.

What They Cannot Do

Even with majority control, there are limits:

  • They cannot create new coins out of thin air
  • They cannot access other users’ wallets or private keys

So the attack undermines trust and transaction integrity, rather than directly stealing arbitrary funds.

Why It Works

Blockchains rely on decentralization: no single party should control validation.
A 51% attack breaks that assumption:

  • Consensus becomes centralized
  • The attacker can outpace honest participants
  • The system effectively becomes trust-based instead of trustless

Practical Considerations

  • Large networks (e.g., Bitcoin): extremely hard to attack due to massive cost (hardware, energy, or stake)
  • Smaller cryptocurrencies: much more vulnerable
  • In Proof-of-Stake systems, penalties (like “slashing”) can punish attackers, raising the cost

In Plain Terms

It’s essentially this:

If someone controls “most of the vote,” they control “the truth” of the blockchain.

That’s why decentralization—and avoiding concentration of mining or staking power—is critical to cryptocurrency security.

If you want, I can also outline real-world examples where this actually happened (there have been several, especially with smaller coins), or compare it to analogous attacks in traditional distributed systems.

 

--
Psalm 142:4, Ezekiel 24:16,18; Matthew 13:12; Isaiah 57:1; Genesis 2:18; 2 Corinthians 2:7,8; John 13:35; Proverbs 25:20; James 2:15,16; Proverbs 24:11-12, Jeremiah 45:3, Deuteronomy 28: 65-67, Isaiah 38:15, Psalm 69:20, Revelation 9:6, Numbers 11:15
Uuk klah ma, Rob.  U huk witas hluucsma, Gloria  Wikaah chachimhiy.

Online Scams and Frauds (OSF) series postings: 
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Gary Hinson

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Apr 28, 2026, 5:32:30 PMApr 28
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'Better' = progress = smiles!

I spotted some refinements/corrections in there:
  • 'network's validating power' could tie this in with the blockchain glossary entry  
  • 51% attacks can work on proof-of-work and proof-of-stake blockchains (both of which have fairly lengthy entries)
  • "the network follows the longest (or most-work) chain, so a majority controller can create an alternative chain that overrides the honest one." is a useful concept but I don't like the wording
  •  The 'why it works' section is nice.  Again, I might fiddle with the wording but it's worth adding something along those lines
  • The robot's points about decentralisation and validation are helpful, I think.     
It's coming along.  Let me mull it over a while, and think about whether related entries also need updating to keep it all in synch

Thanks Rob.  Sorry you had to turn to the dark side.  It does feel a bit like consorting with the enemy, and checking everything the robot says takes yet more time. 

Kind regards/Ngā mihi,

____________________________________________

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Gary Hinson

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May 2, 2026, 1:18:17 AMMay 2
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I find it difficult to understand and explain anything blochain-related in simple terms, but here's a redraft, using the term 'hostile takeover':
image.png
Kind regards/Ngā mihi,

____________________________________________


Nigel Landman

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May 3, 2026, 12:33:52 PMMay 3
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Good morning/evening Gary

Blockchain is indeed a bit wow and wierd and so can offer nothing other than to concure with your definition. From a recent Medium article there is suggestion of a 49% attack resulting in a slowing down of network activity, as well as disrupt planning; I cannot vouch for the veracity of this kind of attack.

Now, for the cyber thing. Back in 2024 as part of a glossary I was building for my wife I ran into the complex nuisance known as cyber. As with many grey haired types I started my life in this industry back in 1980, so cyber was an ideal morpheme for me to tackle. My research sent me down a rabbit hole and were it not for some brave soul I would still be found running and screaming down the road, flapping my arms like a demented banshee. I am now stuck on three phrases - bandwagon fallacy, Argumentum ad populum, and nominalist fallacy. I will share my research if you like, but I'm pretty sure it will only end up with more screaming banshees. 

Thank you for your hardwork on the hyperglossary.

Go Boks

Nigel. 





Gary Hinson

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May 3, 2026, 4:34:44 PMMay 3
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Thanks Nigel.

If I defined "cyber" as "Complex nuisance, cause of the screaming banshees", I suspect it would raise a wry smile for some readers but confuse the majority!  

I too have long railed against "cyber" ... but couldn't resist using cybersecurity in the book's title, ironically, in the hope of prompting people to look it up, hoping for a nice, clear, succinct definition.  

I remain intrigued at how the general/commercial and defence worlds use the same term but with differing meanings: a state-sponsored "cyber-attack" on, say, regional power grids or comms networks is a different beast to a "cyber-attack" on, say, a manufacturing or retail company.  "Cyberwar" is more than just conventional hacking and malware done big.  Commercial antivirus plus an annual cybersecurity awareness session (sheep dip!) is as much use as cardboard-shields on a tank.  In a rainstorm.

You were nearly a decade ahead of me in 1980.  The light flickered on for me when I picked up the concept of securing information of all kinds - not just digital data, IT systems and networks.   Working as a sysadmin for a pharmaceuticals company, I was dealing with extremely sensitive and commercially valuable info including pre-patent drug designs and medical research results.  The computers were expensive but replaceable, unlike the info.  

You'll see mentions throughout the hyperglossary of knowledge, intellectual property, trade secrets, even mental health - aspects that the cyber-crowd are either oblivious to or foolishly choose to ignore.  Maybe now, with the rise of "cognitive computing" (AI), the penny will drop, for some anyway.  Then there's misinformation, disinformation, coercion, deception, insider threats, fraud, camouflage and more.  Just try looking those up in other [lesser] cybersecurity textbooks!  

By the way, "bandwagon fallacy, Argumentum ad populum, and nominalist fallacy" set the hare running: I've included and defined a few recognised biases and the like, so far, but not fallacies as far as I recall.   Thanks for the NI* prompt!

Kind regards/Ngā mihi,

* "Nigel Intelligence" or "Neat Idea"

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Marty Carter

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May 4, 2026, 7:20:58 AMMay 4
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Hi Gary/Nigel,

I really enjoyed this exchange, especially the ‘screaming banshees’ line, which feels like a pretty accurate reaction to the word cyber if we’re being honest.

I’m in a similar camp. I’ve never been entirely comfortable with the term cybersecurity, because it’s become so elastic that it risks meaning everything and therefore nothing. It often feels like a label people adopt before they’ve fully unpacked what sits underneath it.

This is why the hyperglossary is so important. It provides the cyber-crowd with a well researched point of reference, plus many related, and important cross-referenced contextualised terms to hopefully help them begin to understand what the word really means.

Onwards!

Marty







Marty Carter

Director | Information Security Consultant


Meridian GRC Consulting Ltd

Gary Hinson

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May 4, 2026, 4:11:59 PMMay 4
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"Cyber-crowd" isn't in there either, Marty, but I'm tempted to add it.

I started waffling-on about cyber this morning but, once I was fully caffeinated, it got too waffly for email so I blogged instead: https://www.hyperglossary.com/post/why-cyber    

Kind regards/Ngā mihi,

____________________________________________

_____________________________________________




On Mon, 4 May 2026 at 23:20, Marty Carter <ma...@meridiangrc.com> wrote:

Hi Gary/Nigel,

I really enjoyed this exchange, especially the ‘screaming banshees’ line, which feels like a pretty accurate reaction to the word cyber if we’re being honest.

I’m in a similar camp. I’ve never been entirely comfortable with the term cybersecurity, because it’s become so elastic that it risks meaning everything and therefore nothing. It often feels like a label people adopt before they’ve fully unpacked what sits underneath it.

This is why the hyperglossary is so important. It provides the cyber-crowd with a well researched point of reference, plus many related, and important cross-referenced contextualised terms to hopefully help them begin to understand what the word really means.

Onwards!

Marty



On Mon, May 4, 2026 at 04:34 Gary Hinson <ga...@isect.com> wrote:
Thanks Nigel.

If I defined "cyber" as "Complex nuisance, cause of the screaming banshees", I suspect it would raise a wry smile for some readers but confuse the majority!  

I too have long railed against "cyber" ... but couldn't resist using cybersecurity in the book's title, ironically, in the hope of prompting people to look it up, hoping for a nice, clear, succinct definition.  

I remain intrigued at how the general/commercial and defence worlds use the same term but with differing meanings: a state-sponsored "cyber-attack" on, say, regional power grids or comms networks is a different beast to a "cyber-attack" on, say, a manufacturing or retail company.  "Cyberwar" is more than just conventional hacking and malware done big.  Commercial antivirus plus an annual cybersecurity awareness session (sheep dip!) is as much use as cardboard-shields on a tank.  In a rainstorm.

You were nearly a decade ahead of me in 1980.  The light flickered on for me when I picked up the concept of securing information of all kinds - not just digital data, IT systems and networks.   Working as a sysadmin for a pharmaceuticals company, I was dealing with extremely sensitive and commercially valuable info including pre-patent drug designs and medical research results.  The computers were expensive but replaceable, unlike the info.  

You'll see mentions throughout the hyperglossary of knowledge, intellectual property, trade secrets, even mental health - aspects that the cyber-crowd are either oblivious to or foolishly choose to ignore.  Maybe now, with the rise of "cognitive computing" (AI), the penny will drop, for some anyway.  Then there's misinformation, disinformation, coercion, deception, insider threats, fraud, camouflage and more.  Just try looking those up in other [lesser] cybersecurity textbooks!  

By the way, "bandwagon fallacy, Argumentum ad populum, and nominalist fallacy" set the hare running: I've included and defined a few recognised biases and the like, so far, but not fallacies as far as I recall.   Thanks for the NI* prompt!

Kind regards/Ngā mihi,

* "Nigel Intelligence" or "Neat Idea"

____________________________________________

On Mon, 4 May 2026 at 04:33, Nigel Landman <nigel....@gmail.com> wrote:
Good morning/evening Gary

Blockchain is indeed a bit wow and wierd and so can offer nothing other than to concure with your definition. From a recent Medium article there is suggestion of a 49% attack resulting in a slowing down of network activity, as well as disrupt planning; I cannot vouch for the veracity of this kind of attack.

Now, for the cyber thing. Back in 2024 as part of a glossary I was building for my wife I ran into the complex nuisance known as cyber. As with many grey haired types I started my life in this industry back in 1980, so cyber was an ideal morpheme for me to tackle. My research sent me down a rabbit hole and were it not for some brave soul I would still be found running and screaming down the road, flapping my arms like a demented banshee. I am now stuck on three phrases - bandwagon fallacy, Argumentum ad populum, and nominalist fallacy. I will share my research if you like, but I'm pretty sure it will only end up with more screaming banshees. 

Thank you for your hardwork on the hyperglossary.

Go Boks

Nigel. 





On Sat, 2 May 2026 at 06:18, Gary Hinson <ga...@isect.com> wrote:
I find it difficult to understand and explain anything blochain-related in simple terms, but here's a redraft, using the term 'hostile takeover':
image.png
Kind regards/Ngā mihi,

____________________________________________



On Wed, 29 Apr 2026 at 09:31, Gary Hinson <ga...@isect.com> wrote:
'Better' = progress = smiles!

I spotted some refinements/corrections in there:
  • 'network's validating power' could tie this in with the blockchain glossary entry  
  • 51% attacks can work on proof-of-work and proof-of-stake blockchains (both of which have fairly lengthy entries)
  • "the network follows the longest (or most-work) chain, so a majority controller can create an alternative chain that overrides the honest one." is a useful concept but I don't like the wording
  •  The 'why it works' section is nice.  Again, I might fiddle with the wording but it's worth adding something along those lines
  • The robot's points about decentralisation and validation are helpful, I think.     
It's coming along.  Let me mull it over a while, and think about whether related entries also need updating to keep it all in synch

Thanks Rob.  Sorry you had to turn to the dark side.  It does feel a bit like consorting with the enemy, and checking everything the robot says takes yet more time. 

Kind regards/Ngā mihi,

____________________________________________



Online Scams and Frauds (OSF) series postings: 
"If you do buy a computer, don't turn it on."     - Richards' 2nd Law
My ultimate fantasy is having a brain that lets me enjoy being alive.

Virus-free.www.avast.com

Clarity and assurance in compliance



Please consider the environment and don’t print this email unless you really need to.


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© 2025 Meridian GRC Consulting Ltd. All rights reserved.


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Rob Slade, greatgrandpa and widower

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May 4, 2026, 5:39:30 PMMay 4
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On Mon, May 4, 2026 at 1:12 PM Gary Hinson <ga...@isect.com> wrote:
"Cyber-crowd" isn't in there either, Marty, but I'm tempted to add it.

Is that a flash mob of information security experts?

--
Psalm 142:4, Ezekiel 24:16,18; Matthew 13:12; Isaiah 57:1; Genesis 2:18; 2 Corinthians 2:7,8; John 13:35; Proverbs 25:20; James 2:15,16; Proverbs 24:11-12, Jeremiah 45:3, Deuteronomy 28: 65-67, Isaiah 38:15, Psalm 69:20, Revelation 9:6, Numbers 11:15
Uuk klah ma, Rob.  U huk witas hluucsma, Gloria  Wikaah chachimhiy.

Online Scams and Frauds (OSF) series postings: 
"If you do buy a computer, don't turn it on."     - Richards' 2nd Law
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Virus-free.www.avast.com

Nigel Landman

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May 5, 2026, 6:18:18 AMMay 5
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Cyber ecosystem may be the answer but does sound like a challenge - Building a Healthy and Resilient Cyber Ecosystem with Automated Collective Action (2011) - NIST Glossary via DHS

or, Flash mob of cyber peeps or cyberpeeps.

I have attached a pdf of one rabbit hole I disappeared down, and the reason the banshee reared its head. I'm sharing the doc for no other reason than to share ...- please use as you see fit, or not.

Nigel.



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Cybernetics.pdf

Gary Hinson

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May 5, 2026, 12:14:47 PMMay 5
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Thanks Nigel, neat mind map.

This quote made me smile:  "Cyber is such a perfect prefix. Because nobody has any idea what it means, it can be grafted onto any old word to make it seem new, cool — and therefore strange, spooky." [New York magazine, Dec. 23, 1996]   I didn't realise it was in use that far back but yes it's still a multi-purpose vague/undefined prefix.  Still chilly but not as cool as "AI" or "smart" today.

That reminds me of "virus" with a specific biological meaning and (originally) a specific use in information security, that morphed into a general-purpose marketing and journalism term before 'malware' was coined. Rob commented on that way back when in much the same way as that NY quote.    

'Spooky' caught my eye too - another non-specific term with various connotations, a llittle cloud of concepts and fears absorbed into one word.  I've probably over-used it in the hyperglossary referring to the realm of espionage. where there are genuine reasons for not going into details (don't ask!) .  It's a handy shortcut with connotations of Big Brother.

Kind regards/Ngā mihi,

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