Thanks for your report, Stanley. I'm not sure yet why there is a difference between the two cases you attached, and worse, why the examples on the vegachart documentation examples now show very truncated axes. There was a change in the latest version of Google Charts (v50) such that the default padding ends up behaving differently, and explicit padding has a different effect, but this outcome is surprising to me.
Any difference in VegaChart from the default behavior of Vega by itself could be considered a bug. But there is potential conflict with the default behavior of other Google Charts, so we will have to find a reasonable compromise.
In the short term, you might need to add explicit padding that is large enough to show the axes and the gradient legend. E.g. The example of the VegaChart heatmap with explicit padding looks OK:
https://jsfiddle.net/dlaliberte/h1jd8m7t/