Sounds like one of those auto-dialers I can't stand! lol But in all seriousness, I get an alert on my cell phone from a spreadsheet through a series of interconnected steps.
I have a form used in emergencies where an employee can enter information (like a report on the status of their facility, personnel, and mission capabilities during or right after a hurricane landing in their area).
1) Employee submits form
2) Function is triggered onFormSubmit()
3) Function grabs text from submission and sends email with a specific subject to my work Gmail account.
4) Gmail then uses a filter based on the subject and forwards to my cell phone via SMS.
In your example, you could use some onEdit() or onChange() methods to check & retrieve the desired data from the sheet and "push" the data somewhere that Python could get it. This could be a JSON file, or even another sheet that is published and used as a API with JSON (or CSV) output. The Python could do the rest.
(I didn't look at any of the links, but I'll assume it can be done since in theory, it should be able to be done).