According to
How Entities and Indexes are Stored under
Id sequences table, generated numerical datastore IDs are 64-bit integers (signed is the assumption as it is not stated otherwise). This would suggest the maximum value would be 9,223,372,036,854,775,807. The
Entities, Properties, and Keys article however, suggests under
Assigning identifiers that generated IDs can be up to 16 decimal digits long. Thus, the limit would be slightly smaller at 9,999,999,999,999,999.
Hope this helps make informed decisions about the use/reuse of IDs in your entities.