Many wave-file editors have a vertical scale in decibels. There is no calibration or reference measurements, just a simple calculation:
dB = 20 * log10(amplitude)
The amplitude in this case is expressed as a number between 0 and 1, where 1 represents the maximum amplitude in the sound file. For example, if you have a 16 bit sound file, the amplitude can go as high as 32767. So you just divide the sample by 32767. (We work with absolute values, positive numbers only.) So if you have a wave that peaks at 14731, then:
amplitude = 14731 / 32767
= 0.44
dB = 20 * log10(0.44)
= -7.13--
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