This would be a port to a new, entirely different, operating system.
If you look at the runtime package, it would require writing entirely
new versions of os_linux.go and sys_linux_arm. You would likely need
something to replace netpoll_epoll.go; I forget how RTEMS handles
select/poll. You would need a new implementation of the syscall
package, appropriate for RTEMS. More broadly, anywhere you see a
*_linux.go or *_unix.go file in the standard library, you would likely
need a new implementation.
So: a fair amount of work, but certainly doable. As you say, it was
done once before, although porting gccgo was likely easier than
porting the gc toolchain.
Hope this helps.
Ian