Garcia de Orta, a Sephardic Jew, fled Portugal in the face of European Inquisition. Born in Castelo de Vide, Portugal, in 1501, to Spanish Jews—trader Ferno (Isaac) da Orta and Leonor Gomes—he attended university to study medicine, art and philosophy.
In March 1534, De Orta sailed to Portuguese India as Chief Physician aboard the fleet of Martim Afonso de Sousa and was eventually appointed Governor. He made India his home and established himself as one of the most sought after physicians. He learnt Arabic and wrote a book on the history of medicine based on his conversations with local hakims.