Africa's Climate Response to Marine Cloud Brightening Strategies Is Highly Sensitive to Deployment Region

[Geoengineering News]

https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10538156

Authors 

Romaric_C Odoulami, Haruki Hirasawa, Kouakou Kouadio, Trisha_D Patel, Kwesi_A Quagraine, Izidine Pinto, Temitope_S Egbebiyi, Babatunde_J Abiodun, Christopher Lennard, Mark_G

01 September 2024

Abstract 

Solar climate intervention refers to a group of methods for reducing climate risks associated with anthropogenic warming by reflecting sunlight. Marine cloud brightening (MCB), one such approach, proposes to inject sea‐salt aerosol into one or more regional marine boundary layer to increase marine cloud reflectivity. Here, we assess the potential influence of various MCB experiments on Africa's climate using simulations from the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) with the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM6) as its atmospheric component. We analyzed four idealized MCB experiments under a medium‐range background forcing scenario (SSP2‐4.5), which brighten clouds over three subtropical ocean regions: (a) Northeast Pacific (MCBNEP); (b) Southeast Pacific (MCBSEP); (c) Southeast Atlantic (MCBSEA); and (d) these three regions simultaneously (MCBALL). Our results suggest that the climate impacts of MCB in Africa are highly sensitive to the deployment region. MCBSEPwould produce the strongest global cooling effect and thus could be the most effective in decreasing temperatures, increasing precipitation, and reducing the intensity and frequency of temperature and precipitation extremes across most parts of Africa, especially West Africa, in the future (2035–2054) compared to the historical climate (1995–2014). MCB in other regions produces less cooling and wetting despite similar radiative forcings. While the projected changes under MCBALLare similar to those of MCBSEP, MCBNEPand MCBSEAcould see more residual warming and induce a warmer future than under SSP2‐4.5 in some regions across Africa. All MCB experiments are more effective in cooling maximum temperature and related extremes than minimum temperature and related extremes.

Source: Nsf