Hmm - not the most useful logs 😁 You could try setting debug messages on, to see if you get anything more useful although I'm doubtful. Or, if it's your own server, maybe Apache logs? I'm on a shared hosting environment so have no access to stuff like that myself.
I use GD and have no issue uploading large photos which then get resized for display and thumbnails. How large are your photos in MB? Standard jpeg compression?
Do you have any memory parameters set (for PHP) in .user.ini or php.ini wherever they're set nowadays?
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Adrian