The ΛCDM curvature parameter

[Philip Thrift]

The Planck evidence for a closed Universe and a possible

crisis for cosmology

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.02087.pdf

What Shape Is the Universe? A New Study Suggests We’ve Got It All Wrong

When researchers reanalyzed the gold-standard data set of the early universe, they concluded that the cosmos must be “closed,” or curled up like a ball. Most others remain unconvinced.

https://www.quantamagazine.org/what-shape-is-the-universe-closed-or-flat-20191104/

(It isn't clear what curvature parameter is being estimated.)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model :

In the minimal 6-parameter Lambda-CDM model, it is assumed that curvature {\displaystyle \Omega _{k}}\Omega_k is 0

possible extensions of the simplest ΛCDM model allow for spatial curvature ({\displaystyle \Omega _{tot}}\Omega _{{tot}} may be different from 1

@philipthrift