IIUC, Bruce rejects the theory of quantum foam because it depends (in his view) on a false interpretation of the HUP; namely, that energy in the form of particles emerges from the vacuum in a way which violates conservation of energy for very short durations. OTOH, LC seemed to embrace QF to explain the emergence of particles from the vacuum of the early universe. OTOH2, if the very early universe contained only photons, where did they come from? What is the theory, if any, of the emergence of particles in the early universe? AG