The LTI consumer XBlock that ships with Open edX excludes many common LTI parameters. Apparently, this was done for student privacy reasons, but if you have a need for Open edX to send additional parameters and implement more of the LTI spec, there is an alternative LTI consumer XBlock that we've been using that works pretty well. A developer at Extension Engine built it and you can find it on Github here:
https://github.com/hrvojevu/xblock-lti-consumer/
I'd love to see if these fixes can get incorporated back into the LTI consumer XBlock that ships with Open edX, but maybe make a "student privacy" conditional, so if you *don't* want to send all the attributes about the user to a 3rd party LTI provider, you could enable this limited set of attributes.
Nate