Hello,
No, DSpace doesn't support this out-of-the-box. You can however access restrict files within DSpace to only allow downloads if you are logged in, or are a member of a specific Group in DSpace. If you are running your DSpace behind an Apache Web Server, you also may be able to use Apache modules/plugins to limit access via IP ranges, etc. But, in that scenario, you'd be configuring Apache to restrict access rather than doing anything in DSpace itself.
If others on this list have suggestions or have done this before locally, hopefully they'll respond with further hints or tips.
Tim