You don't say what your front end is. There are ways to use pdb with apache, look for advise on the modwsgi site.
But if you are in production, rather than just bringing up the instance that will be production, you may not want to interrupt.
Be sure that you can't reproduce the problem in the development server. You can get debug turned off htere.
In the hard cases you need to increasing logging in the suspect code, whether by use of Django's logging or by writing to a file with explicit code. Then you insert things in code that should have been reached, log variables, including object attributes, that are interesting, and do a binary search for the point where things differ from expectations. (Actually, the first few logs, or even the planning of their placement, will focus your attention sufficiently to see where the code doesn't meet the design.)