"Unified Plan" is the standards conformant SDP format. "Plan B" is the SDP format that is currently the default in Chrome. Firefox speaks Unified Plan already, and it is available behind a flag in the latest Safari Technology Preview.
Chrome's default SDP format is about to change to Unified Plan. In many cases, this will cause backwards compatibility issues with clients running Plan B. The SDP is incompatibly different when multiple tracks of the same kind are on offer (multiple tracks per m= section). Other assumptions, such as local and remote track IDs matching, may be Plan B-only and generally not valid anymore.
Developers need to test their code in Plan B, Unified Plan and Plan B <-> Unified Plan scenarios to see if they are impacted by the switch and prepare accordingly.
In M71 Canary/Dev (now) we are experimenting with making Unified Plan the default. Clients in these release channels will on startup randomly be configured to use Plan B or Unified Plan as the default. In this version, a deprecation warning was added to setLocalDescription/setRemoteDescription to warn against Plan B style SDP that is incompatible in Unified Plan.
M72 is the current target for making Unified Plan the default behavior (beta December 2018, stable January 2019).
Applications are able to explicitly set which SDP format to use by passing {sdpSemantics:'unified-plan'} or {sdpSemantics:'plan-b'} to the RTCPeerConnection constructor. This will continue to be possible until Plan B is deprecated and removed some time in the future.
As of M69 (stable September 2018), Unified Plan applications have access to the RTCRtpTransceiver APIs. This is a large chunk of WebRTC 1.0 that is heavily tied to the Unified Plan SDP format.
What application developers need to do is:
1. Determine if the switch affects you, such as if you get a deprecation warning in M71+, you parse or modify Plan B style SDP or you rely on local and remote track IDs matching. Test your application between clients of different sdpSemantics and browsers. If you're unaffected, you don't have to do anything.
2. Fix your application. Either make sure you are able to handle both Plan B and Unified Plan or explicitly set the SDP format to Unified Plan (sdpSemantics:'unified-plan') to avoid surprises when the switch happens.
3. If you are not able to transition to Unified Plan before the switch you can explicitly set the SDP format to Plan B (sdpSemantics:'plan-b') and your application won't break when the switch occurs, but note that Plan B will not be supported indefinitely and you should make plans to switch as soon as possible.