I don't think something similar exists for Spring, but it would surely be a great thing to have!
Speaking of the outbox pattern and app-side support for it: for Postgres, it could be an interesting implementation alternative to make use of pg_logical_emit_message(), instead of writing to an outbox table. I've just discussed this approach in this article here:
https://www.infoq.com/articles/wonders-of-postgres-logical-decoding-messages/. Both approaches, using a table and writing just to the WAL via logical decoding messages, have their pros and cons. What I like about the latter approach is that it a) avoids the need for house-keeping and b) outbox events cannot accidentally be updated (which they never should, they are immutable by definition). Throwing it out here, curious to see what others think.