Now I understand what happend.
The Debian package downloads the current offline documentation tarball
in which we use mathjax for formula rendering. Unfortunately, all
external links/resources in the documentation are getting removed in the
debian package (otherwise the package QA system detects a "privacy
breach" in the documentation and the package gets rejected).
This hasn't been a problem with the older tarballs in which we still
used latex to directly generate images.
I will try to resolve this in the near future by specifically creating
an "offline" documentation tarball. (You will need that one for reading
the documentation offline without internet anyway.)
I will keep you posted.
Best,
Matthias